{"id":7618,"date":"2025-02-15T01:10:46","date_gmt":"2025-02-15T01:10:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/?p=7618"},"modified":"2025-02-15T01:11:09","modified_gmt":"2025-02-15T01:11:09","slug":"%d1%81%d0%b2%d0%be%d0%b9%d1%81%d1%82%d0%b2%d0%b0-%d1%83%d0%b3%d0%bb%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%be%d0%b4%d0%b0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ru\/%d1%81%d0%b2%d0%be%d0%b9%d1%81%d1%82%d0%b2%d0%b0-%d1%83%d0%b3%d0%bb%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%be%d0%b4%d0%b0\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0421\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430: \u0412\u0441\u0435\u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043c\u043b\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0437\u043e\u0440"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u0412 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0438 \u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d. \u041e\u043d \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u0437\u0434\u0435 - \u043e\u0442 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043b, \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438, \u0434\u043e \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u0418\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438.<\/p><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_74 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u041e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ru\/%d1%81%d0%b2%d0%be%d0%b9%d1%81%d1%82%d0%b2%d0%b0-%d1%83%d0%b3%d0%bb%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%be%d0%b4%d0%b0\/#Physical_Properties_of_Carbon\" >\u0424\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ru\/%d1%81%d0%b2%d0%be%d0%b9%d1%81%d1%82%d0%b2%d0%b0-%d1%83%d0%b3%d0%bb%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%be%d0%b4%d0%b0\/#Overview_of_allotropes\" >\u041e\u0431\u0437\u043e\u0440 \u0430\u043b\u043b\u043e\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ru\/%d1%81%d0%b2%d0%be%d0%b9%d1%81%d1%82%d0%b2%d0%b0-%d1%83%d0%b3%d0%bb%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%be%d0%b4%d0%b0\/#Diamond_characteristics\" >\u0425\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0430\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ru\/%d1%81%d0%b2%d0%be%d0%b9%d1%81%d1%82%d0%b2%d0%b0-%d1%83%d0%b3%d0%bb%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%be%d0%b4%d0%b0\/#Graphite_properties\" >\u0421\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0442\u0430<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ru\/%d1%81%d0%b2%d0%be%d0%b9%d1%81%d1%82%d0%b2%d0%b0-%d1%83%d0%b3%d0%bb%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%be%d0%b4%d0%b0\/#Other_allotrope_characteristics\" >\u0414\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0430\u043b\u043b\u043e\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ru\/%d1%81%d0%b2%d0%be%d0%b9%d1%81%d1%82%d0%b2%d0%b0-%d1%83%d0%b3%d0%bb%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%be%d0%b4%d0%b0\/#General_physical_properties_summary\" >\u041a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ru\/%d1%81%d0%b2%d0%be%d0%b9%d1%81%d1%82%d0%b2%d0%b0-%d1%83%d0%b3%d0%bb%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%be%d0%b4%d0%b0\/#Conductivity\" >\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ru\/%d1%81%d0%b2%d0%be%d0%b9%d1%81%d1%82%d0%b2%d0%b0-%d1%83%d0%b3%d0%bb%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%be%d0%b4%d0%b0\/#Chemical_properties_of_carbon\" >\u0425\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ru\/%d1%81%d0%b2%d0%be%d0%b9%d1%81%d1%82%d0%b2%d0%b0-%d1%83%d0%b3%d0%bb%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%be%d0%b4%d0%b0\/#Stability\" >\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ru\/%d1%81%d0%b2%d0%be%d0%b9%d1%81%d1%82%d0%b2%d0%b0-%d1%83%d0%b3%d0%bb%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%be%d0%b4%d0%b0\/#Flammability\" >\u0412\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ru\/%d1%81%d0%b2%d0%be%d0%b9%d1%81%d1%82%d0%b2%d0%b0-%d1%83%d0%b3%d0%bb%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%be%d0%b4%d0%b0\/#Reducibility\" >\u0420\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ru\/%d1%81%d0%b2%d0%be%d0%b9%d1%81%d1%82%d0%b2%d0%b0-%d1%83%d0%b3%d0%bb%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%be%d0%b4%d0%b0\/#Reactions_with_other_substances\" >\u0420\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ru\/%d1%81%d0%b2%d0%be%d0%b9%d1%81%d1%82%d0%b2%d0%b0-%d1%83%d0%b3%d0%bb%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%be%d0%b4%d0%b0\/#Quadrivalence\" >Quadrivalence<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ru\/%d1%81%d0%b2%d0%be%d0%b9%d1%81%d1%82%d0%b2%d0%b0-%d1%83%d0%b3%d0%bb%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%be%d0%b4%d0%b0\/#Chaining\" >\u0426\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ru\/%d1%81%d0%b2%d0%be%d0%b9%d1%81%d1%82%d0%b2%d0%b0-%d1%83%d0%b3%d0%bb%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%be%d0%b4%d0%b0\/#Electronic_structure\" >\u042d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ru\/%d1%81%d0%b2%d0%be%d0%b9%d1%81%d1%82%d0%b2%d0%b0-%d1%83%d0%b3%d0%bb%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%be%d0%b4%d0%b0\/#Electronegativity\" >\u042d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ru\/%d1%81%d0%b2%d0%be%d0%b9%d1%81%d1%82%d0%b2%d0%b0-%d1%83%d0%b3%d0%bb%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%be%d0%b4%d0%b0\/#Connection_between_property_and_application\" >\u0421\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ru\/%d1%81%d0%b2%d0%be%d0%b9%d1%81%d1%82%d0%b2%d0%b0-%d1%83%d0%b3%d0%bb%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%be%d0%b4%d0%b0\/#Conclusion\" >\u0417\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Physical_Properties_of_Carbon\"><\/span>\u0424\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Overview_of_allotropes\"><\/span>\u041e\u0431\u0437\u043e\u0440 \u0430\u043b\u043b\u043e\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u0423\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0430\u043b\u043b\u043e\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043f\u044b, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0430\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0437, \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0442 \u0438 \u0442. \u0434. \u0425\u043e\u0442\u044f \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442 \u0438\u0437 \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b. \u0424\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0432 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438, \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0445.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Diamond_characteristics\"><\/span>\u0425\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0430\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0437 - \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435, \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e \u0448\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0435 \u041c\u043e\u043e\u0441\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430 10. \u0415\u0433\u043e \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u044b \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430\u044d\u0434\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0443, \u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0438\u043b\u0443 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0438\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u041e\u043d \u0431\u0435\u0441\u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435, \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043a\u0430\u043c\u043d\u0435\u043c. \u0412\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0432\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0430, \u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Graphite_properties\"><\/span>\u0421\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0442\u0430<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u0422\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u043c\u044f\u0433\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0438 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0430\u044f. \u041e\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u043b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u044f\u043c\u0438. \u0413\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0442 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0441\u043c\u0430\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435 \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438. \u041e\u043d \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e, \u0432 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u044b. \u0413\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0442 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0439-\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0431\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u044f\u0445. <a href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ru\/%d0%bf%d1%80%d0%be%d0%b4%d1%83%d0%ba%d1%82\/%d0%b3%d1%80%d0%b0%d1%84%d0%b8%d1%82%d0%be%d0%b2%d1%8b%d0%b9-%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%be%d0%b4\/\">\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0434<\/a> \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044b \u0438 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c <a href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ru\/%d0%bf%d1%80%d0%be%d0%b4%d1%83%d0%ba%d1%82\/%d1%83%d0%b3%d0%be%d0%bb%d1%8c%d0%bd%d0%b0%d1%8f-%d1%89%d1%91%d1%82%d0%ba%d0%b0\/\">\u043a\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438<\/a> \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0440\u044f\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u044f\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Other_allotrope_characteristics\"><\/span>\u0414\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0430\u043b\u043b\u043e\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u0424\u0443\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044b, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043a C60, \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0438, \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b, \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u044b \u0441 \u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043e\u043f\u0442\u043e\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0435. \u0423\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440, \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0443\u044e \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e- \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c. \u0418\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043d\u043e\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432. \u0413\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0435\u043d - \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b \u0441 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438, \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u0418 \u0443 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u044b \u0432 \u0433\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0445.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"General_physical_properties_summary\"><\/span>\u041a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\"><strong>\u0412\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0438\u0434<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u0411\u0435\u0441\u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439, \u044f\u0440\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438, \u0430\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0437 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043a\u0430\u043c\u043d\u0435\u043c. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/science\/graphite-carbon#:~:text=graphite%2C%20mineral%20consisting%20of%20carbon,in%20widely%20spaced%20horizontal%20sheets.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0413\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0442 <\/a>\u0422\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0441 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0431\u043b\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0435\u0448\u0443\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0439, \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0449\u0443\u043f\u044c. \u0424\u0443\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044b - \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e\u043a, \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431\u043a\u0438 - \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0442\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431\u043a\u0438. \u0410 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0435\u043d - \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442 \u0441 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0440\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0439.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\"><strong>\u041f\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0437 - \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e 3,5-3,53 \u0433\/\u0441\u043c3, \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u044b \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0443\u043f\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b; \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0442 - \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e 2,09-2,23 \u0433\/\u0441\u043c3, \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0440. \u0424\u0443\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e 1,65 \u0433\/\u0441\u043c3, \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431\u043a\u0438 - 1,3-1,4 \u0433\/\u0441\u043c3, \u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0435\u043d - \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e 2,267 \u0433\/\u0441\u043c3, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0430\u0440\u044c\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\"><strong>\u0422\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u0422\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0430\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 3500\u00b0C, \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u044b \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430\u044d\u0434\u0440\u044b \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044f\u043c\u0438, \u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0430\u044f. \u0422\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e 3652-3697\u00b0C, \u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0432 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430. \u0412\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0432 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435 \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\"><strong>\u0422\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u043a\u0438\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u0422\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u043a\u0438\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0430\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e 4827\u00b0C \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f\u0445. \u0423\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0438\u0437 \u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0433\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0435, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0447\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0432\u044b\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430. \u0412 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0436\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435 \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043a\u043e-\u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b, \u043e\u043d \u043d\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043b\u0435\u0442\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\"><strong>\u0420\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u0423\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043c \u0432 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u0435, \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0445, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0442 \u0438 \u0449\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0439. \u0411\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0441\u0438\u043b\u0430\u043c \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043b\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0438\u0442\u044c \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0443 \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435. \u0410 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0430.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conductivity\"><\/span>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u0412 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u044b, \u043e\u043d \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e, \u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432. \u042d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u044b \u0430\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e. \u0424\u0443\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e, \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0435\u043d \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0443\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432, \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0443\u044e \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b \u0432 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chemical_properties_of_carbon\"><\/span>\u0425\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Stability\"><\/span>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u041f\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435 \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0431\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b. \u0427\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0435 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0435 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0442\u044c \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u044b. \u0422\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0430\u044f \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0443 \u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0445. \u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0432\u0438\u0438, \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Flammability\"><\/span>\u0412\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u041e\u043d \u043b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0441\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u0430\u0437\u0430, \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u044f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0438. \u0423\u0433\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0433\u0430\u0437 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0435 \u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f - \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0438.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Reducibility\"><\/span>\u0420\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u041e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0445. \u041e\u043d \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441 \u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434 \u0432 \u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b. \u0415\u0433\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0437\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0438 \u043e\u043d \u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Reactions_with_other_substances\"><\/span>\u0420\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u041f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u043e\u043d \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u043e\u043d \u0440\u0435\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0441 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0439, \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u044f \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0444\u0438\u0434 \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0440\u0435\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0441 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u044f\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043c, \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u044f \u043c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0434 \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434. \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u043f\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Quadrivalence\"><\/span>Quadrivalence<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u0427\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0435 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430 \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0438. \u041e\u043d \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c 4 \u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438 \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u0434\u043e \u0431\u0438\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043b. \u041e\u043d \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chaining\"><\/span>\u0426\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u0415\u0433\u043e \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u0446\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0435\u0439, \u0442\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0446\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043a. \u041e\u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0443\u044e \u0446\u0435\u043f\u044c, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0446\u0435\u043f\u044c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0446\u0435\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0443, \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0446\u0435\u043f\u0438 \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0438.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Electronic_structure\"><\/span>\u042d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u042d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430 \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 - 1s22s22p2. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0435 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u043e \u043e\u0431\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0441 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0435\u0439. \u0410 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0442\u044c \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0445.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Electronegativity\"><\/span>\u042d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u0415\u0433\u043e \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e 2,55 (\u043f\u043e \u0448\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0435 \u041f\u0430\u0443\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0430), \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u0412 \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0432 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Connection_between_property_and_application\"><\/span>\u0421\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\"><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u0415\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044b\u043c. \u0422\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0430\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u043d\u0446\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u044b, \u0438 \u043e\u043d \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0448\u043b\u0438\u0444\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u043a\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043b\u0430 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0435 \u0446\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0431\u0438\u0434\u0430. \u0413\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0445 \u0430\u043a\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0440\u044f\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u044f\u0434\u0430. \u0413\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0435\u043d \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0438 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0438\u0431\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0433\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u044d\u043a\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0435\u0435\u0432 \u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432. \u0412\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431\u043e\u043a \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432. \u0415\u0433\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0445, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0430\u044d\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0441\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\"><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u0415\u0433\u043e \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0440\u044f\u0434\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439. \u0411\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044f \u0433\u043e\u0440\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0443\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0433\u0430\u0437 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0438. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0442\u044c \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0441\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438. \u0412\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0432 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u044b \u0438\u0437 \u0438\u0445 \u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0432. \u041a\u0432\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0446\u0435\u043f\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carbon#:~:text=Carbon%20(from%20Latin%20carbo%20'coal,14%20of%20the%20periodic%20table.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u044b \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430<\/a> \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439. \u0410 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0437 \u043b\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432, \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441, \u043a\u0430\u0443\u0447\u0443\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u0442.\u0434. \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e, \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0431\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>\u0417\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u0411\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044f \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u043c \u0443\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434 \u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0438 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435. \u0415\u0433\u043e \u0430\u043b\u043b\u043e\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0430 \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c. \u0412 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043c \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0443\u0431\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In the world of elements, carbon is unique and dazzling. From organic molecules, the basis of life, to key materials for industry, it&#8217;s everywhere. Exploring the properties of carbon gives us insight into the intersection of nature and technology, the composition of matter and chemical reactions. &nbsp; Physical Properties of Carbon Overview of allotropes Carbon [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":7626,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[62],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7618","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-application"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v19.2.1 (Yoast SEO v25.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Properties of Carbon: A comprehensive overview | Jinsun Carbon<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ru\/\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430-\u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ru_RU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Properties of Carbon: A comprehensive overview\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In the world of elements, carbon is unique and dazzling. 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