{"id":7389,"date":"2025-01-22T09:34:01","date_gmt":"2025-01-22T09:34:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/?p=7389"},"modified":"2025-01-22T09:34:01","modified_gmt":"2025-01-22T09:34:01","slug":"ponto-de-fusao-do-carbono","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/pt\/ponto-de-fusao-do-carbono\/","title":{"rendered":"Por que o carbono tem um alto ponto de fus\u00e3o?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">No campo da qu\u00edmica e da ci\u00eancia dos materiais, o carbono tem atra\u00eddo muita aten\u00e7\u00e3o devido \u00e0s suas propriedades exclusivas e \u00e0 sua presen\u00e7a generalizada. Seu ponto de fus\u00e3o extremamente alto lhe confere estabilidade em ambientes extremos. Al\u00e9m disso, ele desempenha um papel fundamental na pirometalurgia e na fabrica\u00e7\u00e3o de materiais refrat\u00e1rios e superduros.<\/p><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_74 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u00cdndice<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Alternar tabela de conte\u00fado\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Alternar<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/pt\/ponto-de-fusao-do-carbono\/#Structural_of_carbon\" >Estrutura do carbono<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/pt\/ponto-de-fusao-do-carbono\/#Reasons_for_high_melting_point_of_carbon\" >Raz\u00f5es para o alto ponto de fus\u00e3o do carbono<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/pt\/ponto-de-fusao-do-carbono\/#Covalent_bonding\" >Liga\u00e7\u00e3o covalente<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/pt\/ponto-de-fusao-do-carbono\/#The_carbon_atoms_are_tightly_packed\" >Os \u00e1tomos de carbono est\u00e3o bem compactados<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/pt\/ponto-de-fusao-do-carbono\/#Comparison_melting_point_of_carbon_with_other_elements\" >Compara\u00e7\u00e3o do ponto de fus\u00e3o do carbono com o de outros elementos<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/pt\/ponto-de-fusao-do-carbono\/#Practical_application_of_high_melting_point_of_carbon\" >Aplica\u00e7\u00e3o pr\u00e1tica do alto ponto de fus\u00e3o do carbono<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/pt\/ponto-de-fusao-do-carbono\/#Conclusion\" >Conclus\u00e3o<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Structural_of_carbon\"><\/span>Estrutura do carbono<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">O carbono tem uma variedade de al\u00f3tropos na natureza, como o diamante, <a href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/pt\/o-que-e-grafite-e-de-que-e-feito-o-grafite\/\">grafite<\/a> e fulereno. Devido \u00e0 disposi\u00e7\u00e3o diferente dos \u00e1tomos, as propriedades f\u00edsicas e qu\u00edmicas variam muito.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">O diamante \u00e9 um cristal at\u00f4mico, com \u00e1tomos de carbono em liga\u00e7\u00f5es covalentes para construir uma estrutura de rede tridimensional. Cada \u00e1tomo de carbono e os quatro \u00e1tomos de carbono circundantes est\u00e3o conectados para formar um tetraedro regular, e a estrutura geral \u00e9 est\u00e1vel.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">O grafite \u00e9 disposto em camadas, os \u00e1tomos de carbono na camada formam uma rede hexagonal com liga\u00e7\u00f5es covalentes, e as liga\u00e7\u00f5es covalentes s\u00e3o fortes. A camada \u00e9 influenciada por uma for\u00e7a fraca de van der Waals. Isso faz com que o grafite tenha boa condutividade e lubricidade na dire\u00e7\u00e3o paralela da camada e tenha certa estabilidade.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">Representado por C<strong>60<\/strong>O fulereno tinha formato de bola de futebol e era composto por 60 \u00e1tomos de carbono em forma de bola. Cada \u00e1tomo de carbono era conectado a tr\u00eas \u00e1tomos de carbono vizinhos por meio de liga\u00e7\u00e3o covalente. Com base na liga\u00e7\u00e3o covalente, o fulereno tinha certa estabilidade.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Reasons_for_high_melting_point_of_carbon\"><\/span>Raz\u00f5es para o alto ponto de fus\u00e3o do carbono<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Covalent_bonding\"><\/span>Liga\u00e7\u00e3o covalente<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">O alto ponto de fus\u00e3o do carbono se deve principalmente \u00e0 sua forte liga\u00e7\u00e3o covalente entre os \u00e1tomos. No diamante, cada \u00e1tomo de carbono forma uma forte liga\u00e7\u00e3o covalente com os quatro \u00e1tomos de carbono ao redor. As liga\u00e7\u00f5es covalentes s\u00e3o as liga\u00e7\u00f5es formadas pelo compartilhamento de el\u00e9trons entre os \u00e1tomos, que s\u00e3o essencialmente a forte atra\u00e7\u00e3o do n\u00facleo pelo par de el\u00e9trons compartilhados. Na estrutura do diamante, essa liga\u00e7\u00e3o covalente pode ser muito alta. E para quebrar essas liga\u00e7\u00f5es covalentes e separar os \u00e1tomos de carbono, \u00e9 necess\u00e1ria muita energia.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">Tomemos como exemplo o diamante, cuja liga\u00e7\u00e3o C-C tem uma liga\u00e7\u00e3o de cerca de 347 kj\/mol. Quando aquecido, a energia fornecida pelo mundo externo deve ser suficiente para superar a liga\u00e7\u00e3o dessas liga\u00e7\u00f5es covalentes. Para mudar a posi\u00e7\u00e3o relativa do \u00e1tomo de carbono e, assim, transformar-se de s\u00f3lido em l\u00edquido. Por outro lado, algumas mol\u00e9culas de mat\u00e9ria, como o gelo, interagem com a for\u00e7a de van der Waals por meio de liga\u00e7\u00f5es de hidrog\u00eanio mais fracas e um ponto de fus\u00e3o de 0. Quando o gelo derrete, ele s\u00f3 precisa destruir essas for\u00e7as fracas entre as mol\u00e9culas. Sem destruir as liga\u00e7\u00f5es covalentes dentro das mol\u00e9culas de \u00e1gua, ele requer menos energia.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">No grafite, embora haja uma fraca for\u00e7a de van der Waals entre as camadas, os \u00e1tomos de carbono em cada camada formam uma rede plana est\u00e1vel por meio de liga\u00e7\u00f5es covalentes. Os \u00e1tomos de carbono em cada camada formam uma rede plana est\u00e1vel por meio de liga\u00e7\u00f5es covalentes. A liga\u00e7\u00e3o covalente nessa camada tamb\u00e9m tem alta energia de liga\u00e7\u00e3o. Assim, quando o grafite \u00e9 aquecido, a estrutura da camada pode ser mantida relativamente est\u00e1vel. E \u00e9 necess\u00e1ria uma temperatura mais alta para que toda a estrutura mude significativamente.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_carbon_atoms_are_tightly_packed\"><\/span>Os \u00e1tomos de carbono est\u00e3o bem compactados<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">Al\u00e9m da a\u00e7\u00e3o das liga\u00e7\u00f5es covalentes, o ac\u00famulo apertado de \u00e1tomos na estrutura cristalina do carbono tamb\u00e9m desempenha um papel importante em seu alto ponto de fus\u00e3o. Na malha tridimensional do diamante, os \u00e1tomos de carbono est\u00e3o dispostos de forma altamente ordenada e compacta. Esse ac\u00famulo estreito torna a dist\u00e2ncia entre os \u00e1tomos muito pequena, e a intera\u00e7\u00e3o entre eles aumenta ainda mais.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">De acordo com a teoria da estrutura cristalina, o ac\u00famulo denso de \u00e1tomos pode melhorar a densidade e a estabilidade dos cristais. Nos diamantes, a energia da rede \u00e9 maior devido ao ac\u00famulo compacto de \u00e1tomos. A energia da rede refere-se \u00e0 energia absorvida pelo cristal i\u00f4nico em \u00edons positivos gasosos e \u00edons negativos gasosos sob condi\u00e7\u00f5es padr\u00e3o. Para cristais at\u00f4micos, \u00e9 poss\u00edvel compar\u00e1-la \u00e0 energia necess\u00e1ria para quebrar a estrutura do cristal. Quanto maior a energia da rede, mais est\u00e1vel \u00e9 o cristal e mais alto \u00e9 o ponto de fus\u00e3o.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">Embora haja um certo espa\u00e7o entre as camadas de grafite, os \u00e1tomos de carbono em cada camada tamb\u00e9m est\u00e3o bem organizados. Esse ac\u00famulo apertado na camada tamb\u00e9m ajuda a melhorar a estabilidade e o ponto de fus\u00e3o do grafite. Em cada camada de grafite, a estrutura de malha hexagonal formada por \u00e1tomos de carbono faz com que a intera\u00e7\u00e3o entre os \u00e1tomos atinja um estado de equil\u00edbrio. Isso requer alta energia para romper esse equil\u00edbrio.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Comparison_melting_point_of_carbon_with_other_elements\"><\/span>Compara\u00e7\u00e3o do ponto de fus\u00e3o do carbono com o de outros elementos<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">Em compara\u00e7\u00e3o com outros elementos, o ponto de fus\u00e3o do carbono tem vantagens significativas em rela\u00e7\u00e3o aos elementos comuns.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">Tomando o ferro como exemplo, seu ponto de fus\u00e3o \u00e9 de cerca de 1538 \u00b0C, \u00e9 um cristal met\u00e1lico, ligado por liga\u00e7\u00f5es met\u00e1licas. E a intera\u00e7\u00e3o entre os c\u00e1tions met\u00e1licos e os el\u00e9trons livres \u00e9 superada quando ele derrete.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">E o enxofre geralmente existe em S<strong>8<\/strong>\u00a0mol\u00e9culas, cristais moleculares. \u00c9 por for\u00e7a fraca de van der Waals entre as mol\u00e9culas que o ponto de fus\u00e3o \u00e9 de apenas 115,21\u00b0C.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">O carbono, seja ele diamante ou al\u00f3tropo equivalente ao grafite, devido \u00e0 liga\u00e7\u00e3o covalente interat\u00f4mica e \u00e0 estrutura de empacotamento fechado, o ponto de fus\u00e3o \u00e9 muito maior do que o de muitos elementos comuns. O ponto de fus\u00e3o do carbono \u00e9 de cerca de 3550 \u00b0C (3824K), \u00e9 extremamente est\u00e1vel em altas temperaturas e se tornou um material essencial em aplica\u00e7\u00f5es especiais.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Practical_application_of_high_melting_point_of_carbon\"><\/span>Aplica\u00e7\u00e3o pr\u00e1tica do alto ponto de fus\u00e3o do carbono<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\"><strong>Materiais refrat\u00e1rios:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">O carbono pode ser amplamente utilizado na fabrica\u00e7\u00e3o de <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Refractory#:~:text=The%20oxides%20of%20aluminium%20(alumina,in%20the%20manufacture%20of%20refractories.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">materiais refrat\u00e1rios<\/a> devido ao seu alto ponto de fus\u00e3o. No setor metal\u00fargico, o revestimento do forno de alta temperatura precisa ser resistente a altas temperaturas e \u00e0 eros\u00e3o. Os materiais compostos que cont\u00eam grafite e carbono podem resistir a ambientes adversos, proteger o corpo do forno e prolongar a vida \u00fatil do forno. Por exemplo, o cadinho de grafite pode suportar a fus\u00e3o de a\u00e7o fundido em alta temperatura na fabrica\u00e7\u00e3o de a\u00e7o.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\"><strong>Materiais superduros:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">O diamante, como um al\u00f3tropo do carbono, tornou-se a primeira op\u00e7\u00e3o para a fabrica\u00e7\u00e3o de materiais superduros devido \u00e0 sua alta dureza e alto ponto de fus\u00e3o. \u00c9 poss\u00edvel usar ferramentas de diamante em maquin\u00e1rio, processamento de pedras e outros campos. Ao cortar em alta velocidade, o alto ponto de fus\u00e3o o torna est\u00e1vel sob alta temperatura e alta press\u00e3o. Melhorando a precis\u00e3o e a efici\u00eancia do processamento. Voc\u00ea tamb\u00e9m pode usar diamantes sint\u00e9ticos para fabricar ferramentas de perfura\u00e7\u00e3o para explora\u00e7\u00e3o de petr\u00f3leo e explora\u00e7\u00e3o geol\u00f3gica.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\"><strong>Dispositivos eletr\u00f4nicos:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">No campo dos dispositivos eletr\u00f4nicos, o alto ponto de fus\u00e3o do carbono desempenha um papel importante. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/science\/semiconductor#:~:text=semiconductor%2C%20any%20of%20a%20class,%2C%20transistors%2C%20and%20integrated%20circuits.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Semicondutores<\/a> A fabrica\u00e7\u00e3o de metais de alto desempenho requer um ambiente de alta temperatura para o crescimento de cristais, dopagem e outros processos. Devido ao seu alto ponto de fus\u00e3o, boa condutividade el\u00e9trica e estabilidade qu\u00edmica, ele pode ser usado para fabricar elementos de aquecimento, cadinhos e outros componentes. Para garantir o controle preciso do processo de fabrica\u00e7\u00e3o de semicondutores e a produ\u00e7\u00e3o de alta qualidade.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Conclus\u00e3o<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">O alto ponto de fus\u00e3o do carbono se deve \u00e0 sua estrutura exclusiva, as liga\u00e7\u00f5es covalentes entre os \u00e1tomos s\u00e3o fortes e bem compactadas, e a fus\u00e3o requer muita energia. Em compara\u00e7\u00e3o com outros elementos, essa propriedade o torna vantajoso em muitos campos. E tamb\u00e9m ajudar\u00e1 a desenvolver mais materiais de alto desempenho \u00e0 base de carbono no futuro.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In the field of chemistry and materials science, carbon has attracted much attention because of its unique properties and widespread presence. Its extremely high melting point gives it stability in extreme environments. And it plays a key role in pyrometallurgy, refractory and superhard material manufacturing. Structural of carbon Carbon has a variety of allotrope in [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":7402,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7389","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-carbon-graphite"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v19.2.1 (Yoast SEO v25.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Why does Carbon Have a High Melting Point? | Jinsun Carbon<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/pt\/ponto-de-fusao-do-carbono\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Why does Carbon Have a High Melting Point?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In the field of chemistry and materials science, carbon has attracted much attention because of its unique properties and widespread presence. 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