{"id":6746,"date":"2024-11-23T10:34:03","date_gmt":"2024-11-23T10:34:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/?p=6746"},"modified":"2024-12-29T00:21:17","modified_gmt":"2024-12-29T00:21:17","slug":"graphite-electrical-resistivity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/fr\/resistivite-electrique-du-graphite\/","title":{"rendered":"Comprendre la r\u00e9sistivit\u00e9 \u00e9lectrique du graphite"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>La r\u00e9sistivit\u00e9 \u00e9lectrique du graphite est une quantit\u00e9 physique qui indique sa conductivit\u00e9. Cette m\u00e9thode permet d'\u00e9valuer efficacement la conductivit\u00e9 de diff\u00e9rents mat\u00e9riaux en graphite. La r\u00e9sistivit\u00e9 \u00e9lectrique du graphite se rapporte \u00e0 la taille de la r\u00e9sistance par unit\u00e9 de longueur et est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement exprim\u00e9e en ohm-m\u00e8tre, en abr\u00e9g\u00e9 \u03a9-m.<\/p><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_73 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table des mati\u00e8res<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table des mati\u00e8res\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/fr\/resistivite-electrique-du-graphite\/#Graphite_Electrical_Resistivity_Measurement\" title=\"Mesure de la r\u00e9sistivit\u00e9 \u00e9lectrique du graphite\">Mesure de la r\u00e9sistivit\u00e9 \u00e9lectrique du graphite<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/fr\/resistivite-electrique-du-graphite\/#Temperature_dependence_analysis\" title=\"Analyse de la d\u00e9pendance \u00e0 l&#039;\u00e9gard de la temp\u00e9rature\">Analyse de la d\u00e9pendance \u00e0 l'\u00e9gard de la temp\u00e9rature<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/fr\/resistivite-electrique-du-graphite\/#The_following_table_shows_the_resistance_of_different_graphite_materials\" title=\"Le tableau suivant indique la r\u00e9sistance de diff\u00e9rents mat\u00e9riaux en graphite\">Le tableau suivant indique la r\u00e9sistance de diff\u00e9rents mat\u00e9riaux en graphite<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/fr\/resistivite-electrique-du-graphite\/#Factors_affecting_graphite_electrical_resistivity\" title=\"Facteurs affectant la r\u00e9sistivit\u00e9 \u00e9lectrique du graphite\">Facteurs affectant la r\u00e9sistivit\u00e9 \u00e9lectrique du graphite<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/fr\/resistivite-electrique-du-graphite\/#Material_purity\" title=\"Puret\u00e9 des mat\u00e9riaux\">Puret\u00e9 des mat\u00e9riaux<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/fr\/resistivite-electrique-du-graphite\/#Grain_size_and_orientation\" title=\"Taille et orientation des grains\">Taille et orientation des grains<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/fr\/resistivite-electrique-du-graphite\/#Structural_defects\" title=\"D\u00e9fauts structurels\">D\u00e9fauts structurels<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/fr\/resistivite-electrique-du-graphite\/#Comparison_of_the_electrical_conductivity_of_graphite_and_copper\" title=\"Comparaison de la conductivit\u00e9 \u00e9lectrique du graphite et du cuivre\">Comparaison de la conductivit\u00e9 \u00e9lectrique du graphite et du cuivre<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/fr\/resistivite-electrique-du-graphite\/#Conclusion\" title=\"Conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Graphite_Electrical_Resistivity_Measurement\"><\/span>Mesure de la r\u00e9sistivit\u00e9 \u00e9lectrique du graphite<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>M\u00e9thode des quatre sondes<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>La m\u00e9thode des quatre sondes est la plus couramment utilis\u00e9e en laboratoire avec une m\u00e9thode de mesure de haute pr\u00e9cision. Quatre sondes appuient le courant sur l'\u00e9chantillon pour calculer la r\u00e9sistivit\u00e9 en mesurant la diff\u00e9rence de tension. L'avantage de la m\u00e9thode des quatre sondes est qu'elle permet d'\u00e9viter l'influence de la r\u00e9sistance de contact, que la pr\u00e9cision de la mesure est tr\u00e8s \u00e9lev\u00e9e et qu'elle peut \u00eatre appliqu\u00e9e aux \u00e9chantillons sous forme de masse et de couche mince.<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>M\u00e9thode \u00e0 deux sondes<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>La m\u00e9thode des deux sondes applique directement le courant aux deux extr\u00e9mit\u00e9s de l'\u00e9chantillon et mesure la tension. Calculer la r\u00e9sistance totale. L'avantage de la m\u00e9thode des deux sondes est qu'elle est simple et facile \u00e0 utiliser. En outre, la m\u00e9thode \u00e0 deux sondes s'adapte \u00e9galement \u00e0 des sc\u00e8nes de mesure rapides et peu exigeantes.<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>M\u00e9thode du fil chaud<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>La m\u00e9thode du fil chaud utilise le courant pour chauffer le fil chaud ou la bobine \u00e0 l'int\u00e9rieur de l'\u00e9chantillon afin de mesurer les caract\u00e9ristiques de la r\u00e9sistance qui varient en fonction de la temp\u00e9rature. Cette m\u00e9thode permet \u00e9galement d'\u00e9tudier la conductivit\u00e9 \u00e0 haute temp\u00e9rature de diff\u00e9rents mat\u00e9riaux.<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>M\u00e9thode des quatre sondes \u00e0 haute temp\u00e9rature<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Cette m\u00e9thode permet de tester la r\u00e9sistivit\u00e9 dans un environnement \u00e0 haute temp\u00e9rature. La m\u00e9thode des quatre sondes \u00e0 haute temp\u00e9rature combine le four \u00e0 haute temp\u00e9rature avec un dispositif \u00e0 quatre sondes pour l'\u00e9valuation des performances \u00e0 haute temp\u00e9rature.<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>M\u00e9thode de r\u00e9sistance de contact<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>La m\u00e9thode de la r\u00e9sistance de contact est principalement utilis\u00e9e pour des \u00e9tudes de laboratoire approfondies. L'une des mesures pr\u00e9cises utilis\u00e9es pour tester la r\u00e9sistance d'un \u00e9chantillon est le circuit de mesure \u00e9quilibr\u00e9 du pont de Wheatstone.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Temperature_dependence_analysis\"><\/span>Analyse de la d\u00e9pendance \u00e0 l'\u00e9gard de la temp\u00e9rature<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>L'analyse de la d\u00e9pendance \u00e0 la temp\u00e9rature permet d'\u00e9tudier la r\u00e8gle du changement de r\u00e9sistance en fonction de la temp\u00e9rature dans le mat\u00e9riau graphite, d'obtenir les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s conductrices stables et connexes du graphite et d'offrir des donn\u00e9es de soutien pour l'application de mat\u00e9riaux \u00e0 des temp\u00e9ratures \u00e9lev\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_following_table_shows_the_resistance_of_different_graphite_materials\"><\/span>Le tableau suivant indique la r\u00e9sistance de diff\u00e9rents mat\u00e9riaux en graphite<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"213\">Type de mat\u00e9riau graphite<\/td>\n<td width=\"213\">R\u00e9sistivit\u00e9 (1000\u00b0C) \/ \u03a9-m<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"213\">Graphite haute densit\u00e9<\/td>\n<td width=\"213\">\uff086.4\u00b10.9\uff09\u00d710<sup>-6\u00a0<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"213\">Structure des particules grossi\u00e8res Graphite<\/td>\n<td width=\"213\">\uff089.2\u00b11.4\uff09\u00d710<sup>-6<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"213\">Graphite \u00e0 grain fin<\/td>\n<td width=\"213\">\uff0812.9\u00b12.6\uff09\u00d710<sup>-6<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"213\">\u00c9lectrode en graphite<\/td>\n<td width=\"213\">\uff087.5\u00b10.7\uff09\u00d710<sup>-6<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"213\">Graphite poreux<\/td>\n<td width=\"213\">\uff0812.0\u00b11.2\uff09\u00d710<sup>-6<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Factors_affecting_graphite_electrical_resistivity\"><\/span>Facteurs affectant la r\u00e9sistivit\u00e9 \u00e9lectrique du graphite<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Material_purity\"><\/span>Puret\u00e9 des mat\u00e9riaux<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Moins un mat\u00e9riau contient d'impuret\u00e9s, plus sa r\u00e9sistivit\u00e9 est faible.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Grain_size_and_orientation\"><\/span>Taille et orientation des grains<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong><b>Taille des grains<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>La r\u00e9sistance \u00e9lectrique du graphite d\u00e9pend de mani\u00e8re significative de la taille et de l'orientation des grains. Les grains de grande taille r\u00e9duisent l'effet de diffusion des joints de grains et permettent une plus grande continuit\u00e9 du chemin conducteur, ce qui r\u00e9duit la r\u00e9sistance ; inversement, les grains plus petits ont des joints de grains plus importants, ce qui entra\u00eene une diffusion plus fr\u00e9quente des \u00e9lectrons et donc une augmentation de la r\u00e9sistance.<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>Orientation<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Le graphite est un <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anisotropy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">anisotrope<\/a> Le mat\u00e9riau de la couche a-b, qui pr\u00e9sente une faible r\u00e9sistance au flux d'\u00e9lectrons le long du plan de la couche (plan a-b) et une faible r\u00e9sistance le long du plan de la couche (axe c). En revanche, sa r\u00e9sistance augmente consid\u00e9rablement en raison de la force de van der Waals agissant perpendiculairement au plan de la couche (axe c). Par cons\u00e9quent, plus le grain est gros et plus l'orientation du grain est proche de la direction du courant, plus la r\u00e9sistance du graphite est faible.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Structural_defects\"><\/span>D\u00e9fauts structurels<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong><b>D\u00e9fauts du r\u00e9seau<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Les d\u00e9fauts ponctuels dans le graphite, comme les vides et les atomes d'impuret\u00e9, d\u00e9truisent le syst\u00e8me complet de liaisons \u03c0 des atomes de carbone, bloquent la libre circulation des \u00e9lectrons dans une couche et augmentent ainsi la r\u00e9sistivit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>D\u00e9fauts au niveau des joints de grains<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>La pr\u00e9sence de joints de grains augmente la diffusion des \u00e9lectrons, entravant le flux d'\u00e9lectrons \u00e0 travers les grains et conduisant \u00e0 une r\u00e9sistivit\u00e9 accrue. En outre, plus le nombre de joints de grains est \u00e9lev\u00e9 ou plus la taille des grains est petite, plus cet effet est prononc\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>D\u00e9fauts entre les couches<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Cette dislocation, cette ride ou cet espace entre les couches r\u00e9duirait la conductivit\u00e9 entre le graphite et les autres mat\u00e9riaux. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Graphite\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">couches<\/a>La r\u00e9sistivit\u00e9 de l'axe c est plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e que celle de l'axe b, ce qui rend le flux d'\u00e9lectrons plus difficile le long de l'axe c, augmentant ainsi consid\u00e9rablement la r\u00e9sistivit\u00e9 verticale de l'axe c.<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>Porosit\u00e9 et fissures<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Les pores et les fissures du produit r\u00e9duisent la surface conductrice effective du graphite et allongent le trajet du courant, ce qui accro\u00eet la r\u00e9sistivit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>Effets de la temp\u00e9rature<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>On peut observer qu'\u00e0 mesure que la calcination ou la<a href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/fr\/quest-ce-que-la-graphitisation\/\"> graphitisation<\/a> temp\u00e9rature augmente, la r\u00e9sistivit\u00e9 sp\u00e9cifique du produit diminue progressivement. Les raisons de cette diminution sont toutefois diff\u00e9rentes. Au cours de la phase de torr\u00e9faction, la baisse de la r\u00e9sistivit\u00e9 sp\u00e9cifique est principalement due \u00e0 la lib\u00e9ration de substances volatiles, \u00e0 la cok\u00e9faction des liants et au r\u00e9tr\u00e9cissement continu du produit. Au cours de la phase de graphitisation, la baisse de la r\u00e9sistivit\u00e9 sp\u00e9cifique est due \u00e0 la transformation du carbone amorphe en <a href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/fr\/quest-ce-que-le-graphite-et-de-quoi-est-il-fait\/\">graphite<\/a> structure cristalline.<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>Pression externe<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>La pression externe augmente la densification du mat\u00e9riau en comprimant les pores de la structure du graphite. La pression influence \u00e9galement la disposition des couches de cristaux de graphite et diminue la r\u00e9sistivit\u00e9 dans la direction de l'axe c. En g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, la pression externe se traduit par une r\u00e9duction de la porosit\u00e9, une am\u00e9lioration de la connexion des grains et une meilleure disposition des couches interm\u00e9diaires.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Comparison_of_the_electrical_conductivity_of_graphite_and_copper\"><\/span>Comparaison de la conductivit\u00e9 \u00e9lectrique du graphite et du cuivre<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Dans les applications \u00e0 temp\u00e9rature normale, le cuivre a une conductivit\u00e9 sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 celle du graphite ; cependant, dans les applications \u00e0 haute temp\u00e9rature, le graphite conserve une conductivit\u00e9 sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 celle du cuivre.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Conclusion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>La r\u00e9sistivit\u00e9 a un effet important sur les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s \u00e9lectriques du graphite. La r\u00e9sistivit\u00e9 \u00e9lectrique est l'un des facteurs critiques qui d\u00e9terminent les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s \u00e9lectriques du graphite. Plus elle est faible, meilleure est la conductivit\u00e9 du graphite et plus faible est la consommation d'\u00e9nergie.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La r\u00e9sistivit\u00e9 \u00e9lectrique du graphite est une quantit\u00e9 physique qui indique sa conductivit\u00e9. Cette m\u00e9thode permet d'\u00e9valuer efficacement la conductivit\u00e9 de diff\u00e9rents mat\u00e9riaux en graphite. La r\u00e9sistivit\u00e9 \u00e9lectrique du graphite se rapporte \u00e0 la taille de la r\u00e9sistance par unit\u00e9 de longueur et est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement exprim\u00e9e en ohm-m\u00e8tre, en abr\u00e9g\u00e9 \u03a9-m. Mesure de la r\u00e9sistivit\u00e9 \u00e9lectrique du graphite M\u00e9thode \u00e0 quatre sondes [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":6755,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[62],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6746","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-application"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v19.2.1 (Yoast SEO v24.8.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Understanding Graphite Electrical Resistivity<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Graphite electrical resistivity pertains to the size of the resistance per unit length and is generally expressed in ohm-meters, short as \u03a9\u00b7m\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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