{"id":6746,"date":"2024-11-23T10:34:03","date_gmt":"2024-11-23T10:34:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/?p=6746"},"modified":"2024-12-29T00:21:17","modified_gmt":"2024-12-29T00:21:17","slug":"resistividad-electrica-del-grafito","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/es_es\/resistividad-electrica-del-grafito\/","title":{"rendered":"Resistividad el\u00e9ctrica del grafito"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>La resistividad el\u00e9ctrica del grafito es una cantidad f\u00edsica que indica su conductividad. Este m\u00e9todo es la t\u00e9cnica para evaluar eficazmente la conductividad en diferentes materiales de grafito. La resistividad el\u00e9ctrica del grafito corresponde al tama\u00f1o de la resistencia por unidad de longitud y se expresa generalmente en ohmios-metro, abreviado como \u03a9-m.<\/p><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_74 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u00cdndice<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Alternar tabla de contenidos\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/es_es\/resistividad-electrica-del-grafito\/#Graphite_Electrical_Resistivity_Measurement\" >Medici\u00f3n de la resistividad el\u00e9ctrica del grafito<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/es_es\/resistividad-electrica-del-grafito\/#Temperature_dependence_analysis\" >An\u00e1lisis de la dependencia de la temperatura<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/es_es\/resistividad-electrica-del-grafito\/#The_following_table_shows_the_resistance_of_different_graphite_materials\" >La siguiente tabla muestra la resistencia de diferentes materiales de grafito<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/es_es\/resistividad-electrica-del-grafito\/#Factors_affecting_graphite_electrical_resistivity\" >Factores que afectan a la resistividad el\u00e9ctrica del grafito<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/es_es\/resistividad-electrica-del-grafito\/#Material_purity\" >Pureza del material<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/es_es\/resistividad-electrica-del-grafito\/#Grain_size_and_orientation\" >Granulometr\u00eda y orientaci\u00f3n<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/es_es\/resistividad-electrica-del-grafito\/#Structural_defects\" >Defectos estructurales<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/es_es\/resistividad-electrica-del-grafito\/#Comparison_of_the_electrical_conductivity_of_graphite_and_copper\" >Comparaci\u00f3n de la conductividad el\u00e9ctrica del grafito y el cobre<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/es_es\/resistividad-electrica-del-grafito\/#Conclusion\" >Conclusi\u00f3n<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Graphite_Electrical_Resistivity_Measurement\"><\/span>Medici\u00f3n de la resistividad el\u00e9ctrica del grafito<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>M\u00e9todo de cuatro sondas<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>El m\u00e9todo de cuatro sondas es el m\u00e1s utilizado en el laboratorio con un m\u00e9todo de medici\u00f3n de alta precisi\u00f3n. Cuatro sondas, pulse la corriente en la muestra para calcular la resistividad mediante la medici\u00f3n de la diferencia de tensi\u00f3n. La ventaja del m\u00e9todo de cuatro sondas requiere evitar la influencia de la resistencia de contacto, la precisi\u00f3n de la medici\u00f3n es muy alta, y se puede aplicar a las muestras en forma de masa y pel\u00edcula delgada.<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>M\u00e9todo de dos sondas<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>El m\u00e9todo de dos sondas aplica directamente la corriente a ambos extremos de la muestra y mide la tensi\u00f3n. Calcula la resistencia total. La ventaja del m\u00e9todo de dos sondas es que es sencillo y f\u00e1cil de manejar. Adem\u00e1s, el m\u00e9todo de dos sondas tambi\u00e9n se adapta a escenas de medici\u00f3n r\u00e1pidas y de baja demanda.<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>M\u00e9todo de hilo caliente<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>El m\u00e9todo del hilo caliente utiliza la corriente para calentar el hilo caliente o la bobina dentro de la muestra con el fin de medir las caracter\u00edsticas de la resistencia que cambia con la temperatura. Este m\u00e9todo tambi\u00e9n estudia la conductividad en condiciones de alta temperatura de diferentes materiales.<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>M\u00e9todo de cuatro sondas a alta temperatura<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Este m\u00e9todo permite comprobar la resistividad en condiciones de alta temperatura. El m\u00e9todo de cuatro sondas de alta temperatura combina el horno de alta temperatura con un dispositivo de cuatro sondas para evaluar el rendimiento a alta temperatura.<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>M\u00e9todo de resistencia de contacto<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>El m\u00e9todo de la resistencia de contacto se utiliza sobre todo para estudios de laboratorio cercanos. Una de las medidas precisas utilizadas para comprobar la resistencia de una muestra es el circuito de medida equilibrado de puente de Wheatstone.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Temperature_dependence_analysis\"><\/span>An\u00e1lisis de la dependencia de la temperatura<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>El an\u00e1lisis de la dependencia de la temperatura puede estudiar la regla del cambio de resistencia con la temperatura en el material de grafito, obtener la propiedad conductora estable y relacionada del grafito, y ofrecer datos de apoyo para la aplicaci\u00f3n de materiales a altas temperaturas.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_following_table_shows_the_resistance_of_different_graphite_materials\"><\/span>La siguiente tabla muestra la resistencia de diferentes materiales de grafito<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"213\">Tipo de material de grafito<\/td>\n<td width=\"213\">Resistividad (1000\u00b0C) \/ \u03a9-m<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"213\">Grafito de alta densidad<\/td>\n<td width=\"213\">\uff086.4\u00b10.9\uff09\u00d710<sup>-6\u00a0<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"213\">Estructura de part\u00edculas gruesas Grafito<\/td>\n<td width=\"213\">\uff089.2\u00b11.4\uff09\u00d710<sup>-6<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"213\">Grafito de grano fino<\/td>\n<td width=\"213\">\uff0812.9\u00b12.6\uff09\u00d710<sup>-6<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"213\">Electrodo de grafito<\/td>\n<td width=\"213\">\uff087.5\u00b10.7\uff09\u00d710<sup>-6<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"213\">Grafito poroso<\/td>\n<td width=\"213\">\uff0812.0\u00b11.2\uff09\u00d710<sup>-6<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Factors_affecting_graphite_electrical_resistivity\"><\/span>Factores que afectan a la resistividad el\u00e9ctrica del grafito<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Material_purity\"><\/span>Pureza del material<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Cuantas menos impurezas contenga un material, menor ser\u00e1 su resistividad<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Grain_size_and_orientation\"><\/span>Granulometr\u00eda y orientaci\u00f3n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong><b>Granulometr\u00eda<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>La resistencia el\u00e9ctrica del grafito depende en gran medida del tama\u00f1o y la orientaci\u00f3n de los granos. Los granos de mayor tama\u00f1o reducen el efecto de dispersi\u00f3n de los l\u00edmites de grano y permiten una mayor continuidad de la trayectoria conductora, reduciendo la resistencia; por el contrario, los granos m\u00e1s peque\u00f1os tienen l\u00edmites de grano m\u00e1s marcados, lo que provoca una dispersi\u00f3n de electrones m\u00e1s frecuente y, por tanto, un aumento de la resistencia.<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>Orientaci\u00f3n<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>El grafito es un <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anisotropy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">anis\u00f3tropo<\/a> material, con baja resistencia al flujo de electrones a lo largo del plano de la capa (plano a-b) y a lo largo de una resistencia baja. Por el contrario, su resistencia aumenta considerablemente debido a la fuerza de van der Waals que act\u00faa perpendicularmente al plano de la capa (eje c). Por lo tanto, cuanto mayor sea el grano y m\u00e1s pr\u00f3xima est\u00e9 la orientaci\u00f3n del grano a la direcci\u00f3n de flujo de la corriente, menor ser\u00e1 la resistencia del grafito.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Structural_defects\"><\/span>Defectos estructurales<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong><b>Defectos de red<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Los defectos puntuales en el grafito, como las vacantes y los \u00e1tomos de impureza, destruir\u00e1n el sistema de enlace \u03c0 completo de los \u00e1tomos de carbono, bloquear\u00e1n el movimiento libre de los electrones dentro de una capa y, por tanto, aumentar\u00e1n la resistividad.<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>Defectos del l\u00edmite de grano<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>La presencia de l\u00edmites de grano aumenta la dispersi\u00f3n de electrones, dificultando el flujo de electrones a trav\u00e9s de los granos y provocando un aumento de la resistividad. Adem\u00e1s, cuanto mayor es el n\u00famero de l\u00edmites de grano o menor el tama\u00f1o de grano, m\u00e1s pronunciado es este efecto.<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>Defectos entre capas<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Esta dislocaci\u00f3n, arruga o hueco entre capas reducir\u00eda la conductividad entre el grafito <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Graphite\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">capas<\/a>haciendo que los electrones fluyan m\u00e1s dif\u00edcilmente a lo largo de la direcci\u00f3n del eje c, aumentando as\u00ed verticalmente su resistividad de forma considerable.<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>Porosidad y grietas<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Los poros y las grietas del producto hacen que la superficie conductora efectiva del grafito sea menor y que el recorrido de la corriente sea m\u00e1s largo, lo que aumenta la resistividad.<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>Efectos de la temperatura<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Se puede observar que a medida que la calcinaci\u00f3n o<a href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/es_es\/que-es-la-grafitizacion\/\"> grafitizaci\u00f3n<\/a> aumenta la temperatura, la resistividad espec\u00edfica del producto disminuye gradualmente. Sin embargo, las razones de la disminuci\u00f3n son diferentes. Durante la etapa de tostado, el descenso de la resistividad espec\u00edfica se debe principalmente a la liberaci\u00f3n de vol\u00e1tiles, la coquizaci\u00f3n de los aglutinantes y la contracci\u00f3n continua del producto. Durante la etapa de grafitizaci\u00f3n, el descenso de la resistividad espec\u00edfica se debe a la transformaci\u00f3n del carbono amorfo en <a href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/es_es\/que-es-el-grafito-y-de-que-esta-hecho\/\">grafito<\/a> estructura cristalina.<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>Presi\u00f3n externa<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>La presi\u00f3n externa aumenta la densificaci\u00f3n del material al comprimir los poros de la estructura del grafito. La presi\u00f3n tambi\u00e9n influye en la disposici\u00f3n de las capas de cristal de grafito y disminuye la resistividad en la direcci\u00f3n del eje c. En general, la presi\u00f3n externa se refleja en la reducci\u00f3n de la porosidad, la mejora de la conexi\u00f3n de los granos y la mejora de la disposici\u00f3n entre capas.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Comparison_of_the_electrical_conductivity_of_graphite_and_copper\"><\/span>Comparaci\u00f3n de la conductividad el\u00e9ctrica del grafito y el cobre<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>En aplicaciones a temperatura normal, el cobre tiene mayor conductividad que el grafito; sin embargo, en aplicaciones a alta temperatura, el grafito sigue manteniendo una conductividad superior a la del cobre.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Conclusi\u00f3n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>La resistividad tiene un gran efecto en la propiedad el\u00e9ctrica del grafito. La resistividad el\u00e9ctrica es uno de los factores cr\u00edticos que determinan la propiedad el\u00e9ctrica del grafito. Cuanto menor sea, mejor ser\u00e1 la conductividad del grafito y menor ser\u00e1 su consumo de energ\u00eda.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Graphite electrical resistivity is an amount of a physical quantity, indicating its conductivity. This method is the technique for assessing conductivity in different graphite materials effectively. The graphite electric resistivity pertains to the size of the resistance per unit length and is generally expressed in ohm-meter, short as \u03a9\u00b7m. Graphite Electrical Resistivity Measurement Four-probe method [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":6755,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[62],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6746","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-application"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v19.2.1 (Yoast SEO v25.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Understanding Graphite Electrical Resistivity<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Graphite electrical resistivity pertains to the size of the resistance per unit length and is generally expressed in ohm-meters, short as \u03a9\u00b7m\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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