{"id":7292,"date":"2025-01-12T02:48:17","date_gmt":"2025-01-12T02:48:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/?p=7292"},"modified":"2025-01-12T02:48:17","modified_gmt":"2025-01-12T02:48:17","slug":"es-magnetico-el-grafito","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/es_ar\/es-magnetico-el-grafito\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00bfEs magn\u00e9tico el grafito?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">En la ciencia de los materiales, el grafito es un <a href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/es_ar\/materiales-de-carbono\/\">material de carbono<\/a>por su estructura y propiedades especiales. Desempe\u00f1a un papel clave en muchos campos, como la escritura y la industria. Sin embargo, a menudo se ignora su magnetismo y el conocimiento del p\u00fablico es vago. La investigaci\u00f3n sobre el magnetismo y la naturaleza del grafito no s\u00f3lo est\u00e1 relacionada con la mejora de la teor\u00eda b\u00e1sica. Sino que tambi\u00e9n tiene un gran potencial en campos emergentes como la computaci\u00f3n cu\u00e1ntica.<\/p><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_74 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u00cdndice<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Tabla de contenidos\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/es_ar\/es-magnetico-el-grafito\/#Is_graphite_magnetic\" >\u00bfEs magn\u00e9tico el grafito?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/es_ar\/es-magnetico-el-grafito\/#Basic_properties_of_graphite\" >Propiedades b\u00e1sicas del grafito<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/es_ar\/es-magnetico-el-grafito\/#The_nature_of_magnetism\" >La naturaleza del magnetismo<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/es_ar\/es-magnetico-el-grafito\/#The_diamagnetic_properties_of_graphite\" >Las propiedades diamagn\u00e9ticas del grafito<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/es_ar\/es-magnetico-el-grafito\/#External_factors_affecting_the_graphite_magnetic_properties\" >Factores externos que afectan a las propiedades magn\u00e9ticas del grafito<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/es_ar\/es-magnetico-el-grafito\/#Is_graphite_oxide_magnetic\" >\u00bfEs magn\u00e9tico el \u00f3xido de grafito?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/es_ar\/es-magnetico-el-grafito\/#Conclusion\" >Conclusi\u00f3n<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Is_graphite_magnetic\"><\/span>\u00bfEs magn\u00e9tico el grafito?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Basic_properties_of_graphite\"><\/span>Propiedades b\u00e1sicas del grafito<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">El cristal de grafito tiene una estructura t\u00edpica en capas. Y los \u00e1tomos de carbono de cada capa est\u00e1n conectados entre s\u00ed por enlaces covalentes, formando una rejilla hexagonal en plano de panal. Y los electrones pueden moverse libremente por la capa, lo que confiere al grafito una buena conductividad el\u00e9ctrica, similar a las caracter\u00edsticas de los enlaces met\u00e1licos. La capa y la capa se mantienen por la d\u00e9bil fuerza de van der Waals, y la distancia es grande. Macrosc\u00f3picamente, el grafito tiene una textura suave, brillo met\u00e1lico, propiedades qu\u00edmicas relativamente estables, resistencia a altas temperaturas. Su resistencia a diversos tipos de erosi\u00f3n \u00e1cida y alcalina, su estructura y propiedades \u00fanicas son la base para explorar su magnetismo.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_nature_of_magnetism\"><\/span>La naturaleza del magnetismo<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">El magnetismo procede del movimiento y giro de los electrones en el interior de los \u00e1tomos. El momento magn\u00e9tico orbital de los electrones que orbitan alrededor del n\u00facleo es como una corriente en anillo en miniatura. El propio electr\u00f3n tambi\u00e9n tiene un momento magn\u00e9tico de esp\u00edn, similar al esp\u00edn de una peonza diminuta. En la mayor\u00eda de los materiales, la interacci\u00f3n de los momentos magn\u00e9ticos at\u00f3micos es compleja. Si los momentos magn\u00e9ticos at\u00f3micos se alinean espont\u00e1neamente en la misma direcci\u00f3n dentro de un cierto rango, el material presenta ferromagnetismo, como el hierro, el cobalto o el n\u00edquel. Los momentos magn\u00e9ticos de algunos materiales son opuestos y paralelos entre s\u00ed, pero el tama\u00f1o es diferente. Y hay momentos magn\u00e9ticos netos, mostrando ferromagnetismo. Tambi\u00e9n hay algunos materiales momento magn\u00e9tico at\u00f3mico paralelo inverso y completamente compensado, macro no magn\u00e9tico, dijo diamagnetismo. Cuando el campo magn\u00e9tico externo, la \u00f3rbita de electrones producir\u00e1 un momento magn\u00e9tico adicional d\u00e9bil contra el campo externo. Esta es la fuente diamagn\u00e9tica.<\/p>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-7297\" src=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Is-graphite-magnetic.jpg\" alt=\"\u00bfEs magn\u00e9tico el grafito?\" width=\"676\" height=\"449\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Is-graphite-magnetic.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Is-graphite-magnetic-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Is-graphite-magnetic-768x510.jpg 768w, https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Is-graphite-magnetic-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Is-graphite-magnetic-600x398.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 676px) 100vw, 676px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_diamagnetic_properties_of_graphite\"><\/span>Las propiedades diamagn\u00e9ticas del grafito<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/es_ar\/usos-del-grafito\/\">Grafito<\/a> son sustancias esencialmente diamagn\u00e9ticas. En ausencia de campo magn\u00e9tico externo, la suma de los momentos magn\u00e9ticos de cada \u00e1tomo dentro del grafito es casi cero. Por lo tanto, no muestra magnetismo en general. Pero cuando se aplica un campo magn\u00e9tico exterior, seg\u00fan el principio de inducci\u00f3n electromagn\u00e9tica, cambia el estado de movimiento de los electrones en el interior del grafito. Para evitar el cambio de flujo magn\u00e9tico del campo magn\u00e9tico externo, los electrones generar\u00e1n un movimiento adicional. Esto, a su vez, forma un momento magn\u00e9tico de inducci\u00f3n opuesto a la direcci\u00f3n del campo magn\u00e9tico externo. Este momento magn\u00e9tico de inducci\u00f3n es muy d\u00e9bil, por lo que el rendimiento antimagn\u00e9tico del grafito no es evidente. Su susceptibilidad magn\u00e9tica suele ser negativa y su valor es muy peque\u00f1o, del orden de magnitud de -10<sup>-5<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"External_factors_affecting_the_graphite_magnetic_properties\"><\/span>Factores externos que afectan a las propiedades magn\u00e9ticas del grafito<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">La temperatura tiene un efecto significativo en las propiedades magn\u00e9ticas del grafito. A medida que aumenta la temperatura, se intensifica el movimiento t\u00e9rmico de los \u00e1tomos en el interior del grafito. Y este aumento del movimiento t\u00e9rmico interfiere con el movimiento orbital de los electrones. A su vez, afecta a la respuesta de los electrones al campo magn\u00e9tico aplicado. En concreto, a medida que aumenta la temperatura, el valor absoluto de la susceptibilidad diamagn\u00e9tica del grafito disminuye ligeramente. Pero este cambio es relativamente lento. Y puede considerarse aproximadamente que el diamagnetismo del grafito permanece relativamente estable dentro de un determinado intervalo de temperaturas.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">Adem\u00e1s de la temperatura, la intensidad y la frecuencia del campo magn\u00e9tico externo tambi\u00e9n afectan a las propiedades magn\u00e9ticas del grafito. Cuando la intensidad del campo magn\u00e9tico externo es d\u00e9bil, la respuesta diamagn\u00e9tica del grafito se ajusta b\u00e1sicamente a la ley lineal. Es decir, la magnetizaci\u00f3n es proporcional a la intensidad del campo magn\u00e9tico externo. Sin embargo, cuando la intensidad del campo magn\u00e9tico externo aumenta hasta cierto punto, comienza a aparecer el efecto mec\u00e1nico cu\u00e1ntico. Y las propiedades diamagn\u00e9ticas del grafito se desviar\u00e1n gradualmente de la relaci\u00f3n lineal, mostrando un comportamiento magn\u00e9tico m\u00e1s complejo. Adem\u00e1s, en el caso de los campos magn\u00e9ticos alternos, si la frecuencia es alta, la velocidad de respuesta del <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Electron\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">electrones<\/a> dentro del grafito puede no ser capaz de seguir el cambio en el campo magn\u00e9tico. El resultado es un cambio en su diamagnetismo.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Is_graphite_oxide_magnetic\"><\/span>\u00bfEs magn\u00e9tico el \u00f3xido de grafito?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"\" data-type=\"2\" data-index=\"1\" data-gid=\"0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/es_ar\/que-es-el-oxido-de-grafito\/\">\u00d3xido de grafito<\/a> es un derivado del grafito obtenido por oxidaci\u00f3n del grafito.<\/span>\u00a0Durante el proceso de oxidaci\u00f3n, un gran n\u00famero de grupos funcionales que contienen ox\u00edgeno, tales como <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hydroxy_group\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hidroxilo<\/a>En la estructura del grafito se introducen grupos carboxilo y epoxi.\u00a0<span class=\"\" data-type=\"2\" data-index=\"3\" data-gid=\"1\">La existencia de estos grupos funcionales que contienen ox\u00edgeno modifica en gran medida la estructura original de la capa de grafito.<\/span>\u00a0Esto aumenta la separaci\u00f3n entre capas y destruye el sistema original de conjugaci\u00f3n de electrones del grafito. El resultado es una disminuci\u00f3n significativa de su conductividad el\u00e9ctrica.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">En t\u00e9rminos de magnetismo, debido a la existencia de electrones no apareados en los grupos funcionales que contienen ox\u00edgeno introducidos en el proceso de oxidaci\u00f3n. Estos electrones no apareados tienen un momento magn\u00e9tico de esp\u00edn, lo que hace que el \u00f3xido de grafito tenga un cierto paramagnetismo.\u00a0<span data-type=\"2\" data-index=\"5\" data-gid=\"2\">Cuando el grado de oxidaci\u00f3n es bajo, el \u00f3xido de grafito a\u00fan conserva algunas de las propiedades diamagn\u00e9ticas originales del grafito.<\/span>\u00a0En este momento, el paramagnetismo y el diamagnetismo compiten entre s\u00ed, y el rendimiento magn\u00e9tico macrosc\u00f3pico no es evidente. Sin embargo, con la profundizaci\u00f3n del grado de oxidaci\u00f3n, la se\u00f1al paramagn\u00e9tica aumenta gradualmente. Y cuando supera un cierto umbral, el paramagnetismo domina, haciendo que el \u00f3xido de grafito en su conjunto muestre paramagnetismo. Y su susceptibilidad magn\u00e9tica se vuelve positiva.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Conclusi\u00f3n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">El grafito es una sustancia diamagn\u00e9tica, y su diamagnetismo se genera por el momento magn\u00e9tico inducido por electrones bajo el campo magn\u00e9tico externo. Es de gran importancia en una escena espec\u00edfica. El \u00f3xido de grafito es paramagn\u00e9tico porque contiene electrones no apareados, y el magnetismo var\u00eda con el grado de oxidaci\u00f3n. Investigar a fondo el magnetismo de ambos contribuye a mejorar la teor\u00eda, promover aplicaciones innovadoras. Y ayudar al desarrollo de nuevos materiales y tecnolog\u00edas.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In materials science, graphite is a unique carbon material, because of its special structure and properties. It plays a key role in many fields such as writing and industry. However, its magnetism is often ignored and the public&#8217;s cognition is vague. The research on the magnetism and nature of graphite is not only related to [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":7297,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7292","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-carbon-graphite"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v19.2.1 (Yoast SEO v25.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Is Graphite Magnetic ? | Jinsun Carbon<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Is graphite magnetic? No, it isn\u2019t. The electron configuration of the carbon atoms inside it does not produce a net magnetic moment. And there are no unpaired electrons to produce magnetism. 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No, it isn\u2019t. The electron configuration of the carbon atoms inside it does not produce a net magnetic moment. And there are no unpaired electrons to produce magnetism. 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