{"id":6699,"date":"2024-11-19T14:13:50","date_gmt":"2024-11-19T14:13:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/?p=6699"},"modified":"2024-11-19T14:19:32","modified_gmt":"2024-11-19T14:19:32","slug":"que-es-el-negro-de-humo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/es_ar\/que-es-el-negro-de-humo\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00bfQu\u00e9 es el negro de humo? Gu\u00eda b\u00e1sica"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>El negro de humo es un polvo negro puro, tambi\u00e9n llamado humo de carbono. Se compone de carbono elemental, una forma amorfa de <a href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/es_ar\/producto\/elevador-de-carbono\/\">carbono<\/a>. El principal material utilizado como base en muchas industrias es el negro de humo. La combusti\u00f3n de hidrocarburos con aire insuficiente produce negro de humo. A diferencia del holl\u00edn, el negro de humo no contiene contaminaci\u00f3n inorg\u00e1nica ni residuos org\u00e1nicos extra\u00edbles.<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-6702 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Carbon-black.jpg\" alt=\"Negro de humo\" width=\"593\" height=\"394\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Carbon-black.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Carbon-black-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Carbon-black-768x510.jpg 768w, https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Carbon-black-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Carbon-black-600x398.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 593px) 100vw, 593px\" \/><\/p><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_74 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u00cdndice<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Tabla de contenidos\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/es_ar\/que-es-el-negro-de-humo\/#Properties_of_Carbon_Black\" >Propiedades del negro de humo<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/es_ar\/que-es-el-negro-de-humo\/#Particle_Size\" >Tama\u00f1o de las part\u00edculas<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/es_ar\/que-es-el-negro-de-humo\/#Structure\" >Estructura<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/es_ar\/que-es-el-negro-de-humo\/#Porosity\" >Porosidad<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/es_ar\/que-es-el-negro-de-humo\/#Chemical_composition\" >Composici\u00f3n qu\u00edmica<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/es_ar\/que-es-el-negro-de-humo\/#Surface_Chemistry\" >Qu\u00edmica de superficies<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/es_ar\/que-es-el-negro-de-humo\/#Density\" >Densidad<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/es_ar\/que-es-el-negro-de-humo\/#Color\" >Color<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/es_ar\/que-es-el-negro-de-humo\/#Solubility\" >Solubilidad<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/es_ar\/que-es-el-negro-de-humo\/#Heat_Dissipation\" >Disipaci\u00f3n del calor<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/es_ar\/que-es-el-negro-de-humo\/#What_Is_Carbon_Black_Used_for\" >\u00bfPara qu\u00e9 se utiliza el negro de humo?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/es_ar\/que-es-el-negro-de-humo\/#Tire_and_Rubber_Industries\" >Industrias del neum\u00e1tico y del caucho<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/es_ar\/que-es-el-negro-de-humo\/#Plastics_and_Coatings\" >Pl\u00e1sticos y revestimientos<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/es_ar\/que-es-el-negro-de-humo\/#Carbon_black_grades\" >Grados de negro de humo<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/es_ar\/que-es-el-negro-de-humo\/#How_is_carbon_black_made\" >\u00bfC\u00f3mo se fabrica el negro de humo?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/es_ar\/que-es-el-negro-de-humo\/#What_is_the_Carbon_black_price_in_the_market\" >\u00bfCu\u00e1l es el precio del negro de humo en el mercado?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/es_ar\/que-es-el-negro-de-humo\/#Raw_material_costs\" >Costes de materias primas<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/es_ar\/que-es-el-negro-de-humo\/#Market_Supply_and_Demand_Relationship\" >Relaci\u00f3n entre la oferta y la demanda en el mercado<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/es_ar\/que-es-el-negro-de-humo\/#Carbon_black_vs_Graphite\" >Negro de humo frente a grafito<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/es_ar\/que-es-el-negro-de-humo\/#Chemical_properties\" >Propiedades qu\u00edmicas<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/es_ar\/que-es-el-negro-de-humo\/#Physical_Properties\" >Propiedades f\u00edsicas<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/es_ar\/que-es-el-negro-de-humo\/#Optical_Properties\" >Propiedades \u00f3pticas<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/es_ar\/que-es-el-negro-de-humo\/#Carbon_black_environment_impact\" >Impacto medioambiental del negro de humo<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/es_ar\/que-es-el-negro-de-humo\/#Energy_consumption\" >Consumo de energ\u00eda<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/es_ar\/que-es-el-negro-de-humo\/#Air_pollution\" >Contaminaci\u00f3n atmosf\u00e9rica<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/es_ar\/que-es-el-negro-de-humo\/#Substitution_and_Sustainability\" >Sustituci\u00f3n y sostenibilidad<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/es_ar\/que-es-el-negro-de-humo\/#Conclusion\" >Conclusi\u00f3n<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Properties_of_Carbon_Black\"><\/span>Propiedades del negro de humo<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>El negro de humo puede considerarse el nanomaterial m\u00e1s utilizado. Consiste en estructuras microcristalinas con di\u00e1metros de decenas a cientos de nan\u00f3metros. La tabla siguiente ofrece una visi\u00f3n completa de las propiedades fisicoqu\u00edmicas del negro de humo; resume las principales caracter\u00edsticas y las propiedades que son relevantes en las industrias.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Particle_Size\"><\/span>Tama\u00f1o de las part\u00edculas<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>El tama\u00f1o puede definirse como el di\u00e1metro medio de las part\u00edculas de negro de humo, que suele oscilar entre 10 y 200 nan\u00f3metros. Las dimensiones difieren en las distintas distribuciones de las part\u00edculas y est\u00e1n relacionadas con los distintos procesos de producci\u00f3n y la naturaleza de las materias primas.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Structure\"><\/span>Estructura<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>El negro de humo est\u00e1 formado por \"part\u00edculas\" o \"n\u00f3dulos\" primarios que se fusionan en entidades coloidales r\u00edgidas denominadas agregados. Estos n\u00f3dulos consisten en microapilamientos de grafito con su eje c perpendicular a la superficie.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Porosity\"><\/span>Porosidad<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Los poros del negro de humo son de dos tipos: microporosos y mesoporosos. Los primeros se refieren a poros de menos de 2nm, mientras que los segundos se refieren a poros de entre 2nm-50nm. Estos poros aumentan la resistencia al envejecimiento y a la abrasi\u00f3n del caucho.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chemical_composition\"><\/span>Composici\u00f3n qu\u00edmica<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Los principales componentes del negro de humo son el carbono elemental (&gt;97%), el hidr\u00f3geno, el ox\u00edgeno, el azufre y el nitr\u00f3geno.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Surface_Chemistry\"><\/span>Qu\u00edmica de superficies<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Los grupos funcionales de ox\u00edgeno (fenoles, quinonas, grupos carboxilo) en la superficie del negro de humo afectan a su reactividad, dispersi\u00f3n y propiedades el\u00e9ctricas. La oxidaci\u00f3n del negro de humo mejora la dispersi\u00f3n de los pigmentos de negro de humo, al tiempo que reduce el pH y altera la cin\u00e9tica de sulfataci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Density\"><\/span>Densidad<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>La densidad del negro de humo se sit\u00faa entre la densidad aparente y la densidad real. Los distintos tipos de negros de humo tienen densidades de empaquetamiento diferentes. Entre ellos, el negro de humo vulcanizado y el pirol\u00edtico tienen densidades de empaquetamiento m\u00e1s altas, y el negro de humo tratado superficialmente en fase gaseosa tiene densidades de empaquetamiento m\u00e1s bajas.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Color\"><\/span>Color<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>El negro de humo se divide generalmente en negro de humo de pigmentaci\u00f3n alta, pigmentaci\u00f3n media, pigmentaci\u00f3n normal y pigmentaci\u00f3n baja, seg\u00fan la intensidad del color y el tama\u00f1o de las part\u00edculas. Tiene un buen rendimiento de dispersi\u00f3n, poder colorante y gran poder cubriente.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Solubility\"><\/span>Solubilidad<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Tiene propiedades de disoluci\u00f3n irreversibles y es dif\u00edcil disolverlo en forma l\u00edquida. Sin embargo, el negro de humo real se disuelve parcialmente en algunas condiciones especiales.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Heat_Dissipation\"><\/span>Disipaci\u00f3n del calor<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>La dispersi\u00f3n t\u00e9rmica del negro de humo afecta a las propiedades mec\u00e1nicas, la resistencia al calor y la estabilidad oxidativa de los productos de caucho. La mezcla mec\u00e1nica y el procesamiento en h\u00famedo o en seco son m\u00e9todos t\u00edpicos para lograr la dispersi\u00f3n del negro de humo. Los dispersantes, los modificadores de superficie y los m\u00e9todos de procesamiento sofisticados suelen distribuirlo de forma m\u00e1s uniforme.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Is_Carbon_Black_Used_for\"><\/span>\u00bfPara qu\u00e9 se utiliza el negro de humo?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tire_and_Rubber_Industries\"><\/span>Industrias del neum\u00e1tico y del caucho<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>El negro de humo tambi\u00e9n es un t\u00e9rmino gen\u00e9rico para una clase importante de productos de refuerzo para el caucho. En la actualidad, el mundo produce y consume 70% del suministro mundial de producci\u00f3n de negro de humo para la industria de los neum\u00e1ticos de caucho. El negro de humo se a\u00f1ade a los neum\u00e1ticos para aumentar su resistencia a la abrasi\u00f3n, mejorar su tracci\u00f3n o agarre al suelo y reforzarlos para aumentar su durabilidad y estabilidad.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Plastics_and_Coatings\"><\/span>Pl\u00e1sticos y revestimientos<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u00a0Pl\u00e1sticos<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>El negro de carb\u00f3n se utiliza en los siguientes pl\u00e1sticos: polietileno, polipropileno, cloruro de polivinilo y <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Polystyrene#:~:text=Polystyrene%20(PS)%20%2F%CB%8Cp,inexpensive%20resin%20per%20unit%20weight.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">poliestireno<\/a>mejorando propiedades mec\u00e1nicas como la resistencia a la tracci\u00f3n y a la abrasi\u00f3n, la conductividad el\u00e9ctrica y la resistencia al calor y a la intemperie.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Revestimientos<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Desempe\u00f1a un papel importante en <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coating\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">revestimientos<\/a> para la construcci\u00f3n, autom\u00f3viles, vagones de ferrocarril y barcos. En general, los revestimientos requieren las siguientes propiedades: alto grado de oscuridad, buenas propiedades de fluidez y buena estabilidad frente a la sedimentaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Conducci\u00f3n y materiales electr\u00f3nicos<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>La conductividad del negro de humo est\u00e1 relacionada con la estructura, la superficie y la densidad del tama\u00f1o de las part\u00edculas, principalmente a trav\u00e9s de los canales conductores y el mecanismo de emisi\u00f3n de campo.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Blindaje EMI<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>La conductividad puede conseguirse mediante los compuestos de negro de humo-pol\u00edmero, en los que se utiliza principalmente negro de humo como materia prima principal, a\u00f1adiendo determinadas cargas y adhesivos. Debido a sus cualidades conductoras, antiest\u00e1ticas y de protecci\u00f3n contra interferencias electromagn\u00e9ticas, el negro de humo conductor tambi\u00e9n puede utilizarse en la producci\u00f3n de materiales de protecci\u00f3n electromagn\u00e9tica.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Carbon_black_grades\"><\/span>Grados de negro de humo<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Seg\u00fan el tama\u00f1o de las part\u00edculas, la estructura (como el \u00e1rea superficial y los valores DBPA) y las propiedades de uso, sus grados suelen dividirse en las siguientes categor\u00edas:<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"204\">Horno Super Abrasi\u00f3n Negro, SAF<\/td>\n<td width=\"203\">M\u00ednima granulometr\u00eda y alta resistencia a la abrasi\u00f3n para bandas de rodadura especiales exigentes<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"204\">Horno de alta abrasi\u00f3n Negro, HAF<\/td>\n<td width=\"203\">Granulometr\u00eda ligeramente superior, que combina alta resistencia al desgaste y buena procesabilidad.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"204\">Horno de alta abrasi\u00f3n de uso general Negro, GP-HAF<\/td>\n<td width=\"203\">Granulometr\u00eda media, alta resistencia a la abrasi\u00f3n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"204\">Horno Semireforzante Negro, SRF<\/td>\n<td width=\"203\">Propiedades de refuerzo con alto m\u00f3dulo y baja expansi\u00f3n modal<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"204\">Horno de uso general Negro, GPF<\/td>\n<td width=\"203\">Negro de humo de uso general con m\u00f3dulo medio y buena resistencia a la fatiga por flexi\u00f3n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"204\">Negro t\u00e9rmico<\/td>\n<td width=\"203\">Mayor tama\u00f1o de part\u00edcula, baja estructura<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_is_carbon_black_made\"><\/span>\u00bfC\u00f3mo se fabrica el negro de humo?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>Carb\u00f3n negro del horno<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Se obtiene de la combusti\u00f3n incompleta del aceite de la materia prima en un reactor.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Canal Negro<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Producida a partir de gas natural, tiene las ventajas de unas part\u00edculas diminutas, una gran superficie espec\u00edfica, una gran negrura y un fuerte poder colorante. M\u00e1s grupos funcionales de ox\u00edgeno pueden retrasar el proceso de vulcanizaci\u00f3n del caucho para mejorar la fluidez y la imprimibilidad de la tinta.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Negro t\u00e9rmico<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Se fabrica principalmente por craqueo a alta temperatura de gas natural en condiciones sin ox\u00edgeno y sin llama. La superficie espec\u00edfica de este negro de humo es baja, con escaso contenido de ox\u00edgeno en su superficie.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_Carbon_black_price_in_the_market\"><\/span>\u00bfCu\u00e1l es el precio del negro de humo en el mercado?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Raw_material_costs\"><\/span>Costes de materias primas<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>El negro de carb\u00f3n utiliza principalmente materias primas producidas a trav\u00e9s del alquitr\u00e1n de hulla. Recientemente, la fluctuaci\u00f3n del precio de mercado del alquitr\u00e1n de hulla ha repercutido directamente en los costes de producci\u00f3n. En el mes de marzo de este a\u00f1o, por ejemplo, el precio del alquitr\u00e1n de hulla subi\u00f3 645 USD\/tonelada, lo que dispar\u00f3 el coste del negro de humo.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Market_Supply_and_Demand_Relationship\"><\/span>Relaci\u00f3n entre la oferta y la demanda en el mercado<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Por lo tanto, a principios de 2024, los fabricantes de negro de humo de Asia previeron que la demanda aumentar\u00eda significativamente y, en consecuencia, incrementaron la producci\u00f3n. Sin embargo, pronto se vio que la tasa de aprovisionamiento real variaba respecto a lo estimado. Esto provoc\u00f3 un exceso de oferta en el mercado. Las condiciones del mercado han mejorado recientemente debido al final del trimestre, y los precios se est\u00e1n estabilizando a partir de ahora.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Carbon_black_vs_Graphite\"><\/span>Negro de humo frente a grafito<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chemical_properties\"><\/span>Propiedades qu\u00edmicas<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Las propiedades qu\u00edmicas del negro de humo son relativamente activas, mientras que las del grafito muestran estabilidad, resistencia a altas temperaturas y a la corrosi\u00f3n. <a href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/es_ar\/que-es-el-grafito-y-de-que-esta-hecho\/\">Grafito<\/a> muestra un comportamiento insoluble en el caso del agua y de los disolventes org\u00e1nicos. A altas temperaturas reacciona f\u00e1cilmente con el ox\u00edgeno o el metal y forma \u00f3xidos o carburos, respectivamente.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Physical_Properties\"><\/span>Propiedades f\u00edsicas<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>El grafito tiene diferentes estructuras de agregaci\u00f3n en cadena o en forma de uva, y su aspecto principal es cristalino. Tanto el grafito como el negro de humo presentan una buena conductividad el\u00e9ctrica.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Optical_Properties\"><\/span>Propiedades \u00f3pticas<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>El grafito es relativamente homog\u00e9neo en t\u00e9rminos de negrura y tiene un alto poder de dispersi\u00f3n de la luz, por lo que no puede utilizarse como pigmento eficaz. La negrura del negro de humo procede principalmente de su capacidad para absorber la luz; por lo general, cuanto m\u00e1s fino es el tama\u00f1o de las part\u00edculas, mayor es la negrura.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Carbon_black_environment_impact\"><\/span>Impacto medioambiental del negro de humo<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Energy_consumption\"><\/span><strong>Consumo de energ\u00eda<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>El proceso de fabricaci\u00f3n del negro de humo implica la combusti\u00f3n de enormes cantidades de energ\u00eda, como petr\u00f3leo y gas natural. Sin embargo, el consumo excesivo de energ\u00eda provoca una sobreutilizaci\u00f3n de los recursos y la emisi\u00f3n de gases de efecto invernadero.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Air_pollution\"><\/span><strong>Contaminaci\u00f3n atmosf\u00e9rica<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>La producci\u00f3n de negro de humo emite COV y part\u00edculas que contribuyen a degradar la calidad del aire.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Substitution_and_Sustainability\"><\/span><strong>Sustituci\u00f3n y sostenibilidad<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Debido a la naturaleza del proceso de creaci\u00f3n del negro de humo, existe la posibilidad de utilizar energ\u00eda limpia solar y e\u00f3lica, adem\u00e1s de incorporar residuos usados y materiales ecol\u00f3gicos alternativos.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Conclusi\u00f3n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>El negro de humo es una sustancia indispensable en la industria moderna. Debido a su elevada coloraci\u00f3n, alta conductividad el\u00e9ctrica y buena dispersi\u00f3n t\u00e9rmica, ha adquirido gran importancia en cauchos, pl\u00e1sticos, revestimientos, tintas, etc. El negro de humo puede satisfacer las necesidades de diferentes industrias en relaci\u00f3n con la contaminaci\u00f3n ambiental causada por la producci\u00f3n, y a\u00fan es necesario explorar c\u00f3mo mejorarlo.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>El negro de humo es un polvo negro puro, tambi\u00e9n llamado humo de carbono. Se compone de carbono elemental, una forma amorfa del carbono. El principal material utilizado como base en muchas industrias es el negro de humo. La combusti\u00f3n de hidrocarburos con aire insuficiente produce negro de humo. A diferencia del holl\u00edn, el negro de humo no contiene [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":6702,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6699","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-carbon-material"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v19.2.1 (Yoast SEO v25.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>What is Carbon Black? Easy Guide to Basics Easy Guide to Basics<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Carbon black is a pure black powder, and it has also been termed as carbon fume. 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