{"id":7618,"date":"2025-02-15T01:10:46","date_gmt":"2025-02-15T01:10:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/?p=7618"},"modified":"2025-02-15T01:11:09","modified_gmt":"2025-02-15T01:11:09","slug":"%ce%b9%ce%b4%ce%b9%cf%8c%cf%84%ce%b7%cf%84%ce%b5%cf%82-%cf%84%ce%bf%cf%85-%ce%ac%ce%bd%ce%b8%cf%81%ce%b1%ce%ba%ce%b1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/el\/%ce%b9%ce%b4%ce%b9%cf%8c%cf%84%ce%b7%cf%84%ce%b5%cf%82-%cf%84%ce%bf%cf%85-%ce%ac%ce%bd%ce%b8%cf%81%ce%b1%ce%ba%ce%b1\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0399\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1: \u0391\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1: \u039c\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u03a3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd, \u03bf \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b8\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2. \u0391\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1, \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2, \u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1, \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd. \u0397 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03ae\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03cd\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c6\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03cd\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_74 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u03a0\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"\u0395\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae \u03c0\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">\u0395\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/el\/%ce%b9%ce%b4%ce%b9%cf%8c%cf%84%ce%b7%cf%84%ce%b5%cf%82-%cf%84%ce%bf%cf%85-%ce%ac%ce%bd%ce%b8%cf%81%ce%b1%ce%ba%ce%b1\/#Physical_Properties_of_Carbon\" >\u03a6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/el\/%ce%b9%ce%b4%ce%b9%cf%8c%cf%84%ce%b7%cf%84%ce%b5%cf%82-%cf%84%ce%bf%cf%85-%ce%ac%ce%bd%ce%b8%cf%81%ce%b1%ce%ba%ce%b1\/#Overview_of_allotropes\" >\u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ce\u03bd<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/el\/%ce%b9%ce%b4%ce%b9%cf%8c%cf%84%ce%b7%cf%84%ce%b5%cf%82-%cf%84%ce%bf%cf%85-%ce%ac%ce%bd%ce%b8%cf%81%ce%b1%ce%ba%ce%b1\/#Diamond_characteristics\" >\u03a7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/el\/%ce%b9%ce%b4%ce%b9%cf%8c%cf%84%ce%b7%cf%84%ce%b5%cf%82-%cf%84%ce%bf%cf%85-%ce%ac%ce%bd%ce%b8%cf%81%ce%b1%ce%ba%ce%b1\/#Graphite_properties\" >\u0399\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03c4\u03b7<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/el\/%ce%b9%ce%b4%ce%b9%cf%8c%cf%84%ce%b7%cf%84%ce%b5%cf%82-%cf%84%ce%bf%cf%85-%ce%ac%ce%bd%ce%b8%cf%81%ce%b1%ce%ba%ce%b1\/#Other_allotrope_characteristics\" >\u0386\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/el\/%ce%b9%ce%b4%ce%b9%cf%8c%cf%84%ce%b7%cf%84%ce%b5%cf%82-%cf%84%ce%bf%cf%85-%ce%ac%ce%bd%ce%b8%cf%81%ce%b1%ce%ba%ce%b1\/#General_physical_properties_summary\" >\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03ae\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/el\/%ce%b9%ce%b4%ce%b9%cf%8c%cf%84%ce%b7%cf%84%ce%b5%cf%82-%cf%84%ce%bf%cf%85-%ce%ac%ce%bd%ce%b8%cf%81%ce%b1%ce%ba%ce%b1\/#Conductivity\" >\u0391\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/el\/%ce%b9%ce%b4%ce%b9%cf%8c%cf%84%ce%b7%cf%84%ce%b5%cf%82-%cf%84%ce%bf%cf%85-%ce%ac%ce%bd%ce%b8%cf%81%ce%b1%ce%ba%ce%b1\/#Chemical_properties_of_carbon\" >\u03a7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/el\/%ce%b9%ce%b4%ce%b9%cf%8c%cf%84%ce%b7%cf%84%ce%b5%cf%82-%cf%84%ce%bf%cf%85-%ce%ac%ce%bd%ce%b8%cf%81%ce%b1%ce%ba%ce%b1\/#Stability\" >\u03a3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/el\/%ce%b9%ce%b4%ce%b9%cf%8c%cf%84%ce%b7%cf%84%ce%b5%cf%82-%cf%84%ce%bf%cf%85-%ce%ac%ce%bd%ce%b8%cf%81%ce%b1%ce%ba%ce%b1\/#Flammability\" >\u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03bb\u03b5\u03be\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/el\/%ce%b9%ce%b4%ce%b9%cf%8c%cf%84%ce%b7%cf%84%ce%b5%cf%82-%cf%84%ce%bf%cf%85-%ce%ac%ce%bd%ce%b8%cf%81%ce%b1%ce%ba%ce%b1\/#Reducibility\" >\u039c\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/el\/%ce%b9%ce%b4%ce%b9%cf%8c%cf%84%ce%b7%cf%84%ce%b5%cf%82-%cf%84%ce%bf%cf%85-%ce%ac%ce%bd%ce%b8%cf%81%ce%b1%ce%ba%ce%b1\/#Reactions_with_other_substances\" >\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/el\/%ce%b9%ce%b4%ce%b9%cf%8c%cf%84%ce%b7%cf%84%ce%b5%cf%82-%cf%84%ce%bf%cf%85-%ce%ac%ce%bd%ce%b8%cf%81%ce%b1%ce%ba%ce%b1\/#Quadrivalence\" >Quadrivalence<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/el\/%ce%b9%ce%b4%ce%b9%cf%8c%cf%84%ce%b7%cf%84%ce%b5%cf%82-%cf%84%ce%bf%cf%85-%ce%ac%ce%bd%ce%b8%cf%81%ce%b1%ce%ba%ce%b1\/#Chaining\" >\u0391\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/el\/%ce%b9%ce%b4%ce%b9%cf%8c%cf%84%ce%b7%cf%84%ce%b5%cf%82-%cf%84%ce%bf%cf%85-%ce%ac%ce%bd%ce%b8%cf%81%ce%b1%ce%ba%ce%b1\/#Electronic_structure\" >\u0397\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/el\/%ce%b9%ce%b4%ce%b9%cf%8c%cf%84%ce%b7%cf%84%ce%b5%cf%82-%cf%84%ce%bf%cf%85-%ce%ac%ce%bd%ce%b8%cf%81%ce%b1%ce%ba%ce%b1\/#Electronegativity\" >\u0397\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/el\/%ce%b9%ce%b4%ce%b9%cf%8c%cf%84%ce%b7%cf%84%ce%b5%cf%82-%cf%84%ce%bf%cf%85-%ce%ac%ce%bd%ce%b8%cf%81%ce%b1%ce%ba%ce%b1\/#Connection_between_property_and_application\" >\u03a3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/el\/%ce%b9%ce%b4%ce%b9%cf%8c%cf%84%ce%b7%cf%84%ce%b5%cf%82-%cf%84%ce%bf%cf%85-%ce%ac%ce%bd%ce%b8%cf%81%ce%b1%ce%ba%ce%b1\/#Conclusion\" >\u03a3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Physical_Properties_of_Carbon\"><\/span>\u03a6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Overview_of_allotropes\"><\/span>\u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ce\u03bd<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u039f \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ce\u03bd, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9, \u03bf \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba.\u03bb\u03c0. \u0391\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af. \u039f\u03b9 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c2.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Diamond_characteristics\"><\/span>\u03a7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u03a4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c6\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 Mohs 10. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b5\u03b4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae, \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c1\u03ae \u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c6\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2. \u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03c7\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2, \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b8\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c1\u03cc, \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bb\u03af\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2. \u03a5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1, \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b4\u03cd\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b1\u03b3\u03ce\u03b3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Graphite_properties\"><\/span>\u0399\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03c4\u03b7<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u0397 \u03c5\u03c6\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1. \u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ad\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03cd\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1. \u039c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b9\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2. \u0388\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1, \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1. \u039a\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b9\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bb\u03b9\u03b8\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 <a href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/el\/%cf%80%cf%81%ce%bf%cf%8a%cf%8c%ce%bd\/%ce%ac%ce%bd%ce%bf%ce%b4%ce%bf%cf%82-%ce%b3%cf%81%ce%b1%cf%86%ce%af%cf%84%ce%b7\/\">\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2<\/a> \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 <a href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/el\/%cf%80%cf%81%ce%bf%cf%8a%cf%8c%ce%bd\/%ce%b2%ce%bf%cf%8d%cf%81%cf%84%cf%83%ce%b1-%ce%ac%ce%bd%ce%b8%cf%81%ce%b1%ce%ba%ce%b1\/\">\u03b2\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03c4\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2<\/a> \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Other_allotrope_characteristics\"><\/span>\u0386\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u03a4\u03b1 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c1\u03ad\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf C60 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03bb\u03c9\u03b2\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1, \u03bf\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac, \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b9\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bf\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7. \u039f\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd, \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae, \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1. \u039a\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd. \u03a4\u03bf \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2, \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2. \u039a\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bf\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03cd\u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ad\u03c2.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"General_physical_properties_summary\"><\/span>\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03ae\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\"><strong>\u0395\u03bc\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u03a4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03c7\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2, \u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bb\u03b2\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/science\/graphite-carbon#:~:text=graphite%2C%20mineral%20consisting%20of%20carbon,in%20widely%20spaced%20horizontal%20sheets.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0393\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 <\/a>\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf \u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b3\u03c5\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1, \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03cc\u03ba\u03bf\u03ba\u03ba\u03b7, \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae \u03b1\u03c6\u03ae. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c1\u03ad\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b1\u03cd\u03c1\u03b7 \u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad \u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03af \u03bc\u03b1\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c9\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2. \u039a\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03cc\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2, \u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf \u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03c3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c5\u03c6\u03ae.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\"><strong>\u03a0\u03c5\u03ba\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 3,5-3,53g\/cm3, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c6\u03b9\u03c7\u03c4\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1- \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2,09-2,23g\/cm3, \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c1\u03ad\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 1,65g\/cm3, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 1,3-1,4g\/cm3 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2,267g\/cm3, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c5\u03ba\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\"><strong>\u03a3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03c4\u03ae\u03be\u03b7\u03c2<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u03a4\u03bf \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03c4\u03ae\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 3500\u00b0C, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03b5\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03ae. \u03a4\u03bf \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03c4\u03ae\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 3652-3697\u00b0C \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2. \u03a4\u03bf \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03c4\u03ae\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\"><strong>\u03a3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u03a4\u03bf \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 4827\u00b0C, \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2. \u039f \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03cd\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03cc \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03ad\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf, \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7. \u03a3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2, \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03cd\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\"><strong>\u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u039f \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc, \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03be\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03c9\u03bd. \u039b\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c1\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03cd\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5. \u039a\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conductivity\"><\/span>\u0391\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u0397 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03c4\u03b7 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1, \u03ac\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03cd\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c1\u03ad\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1, \u03c4\u03bf \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03c9\u03bd, \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03b1.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chemical_properties_of_carbon\"><\/span>\u03a7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Stability\"><\/span>\u03a3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u03a3\u03b5 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ac\u03ba\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03ad\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03ce\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03cd\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b4\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ae \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03ac\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1. \u0391\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2. \u0388\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1 \u03b6\u03c9\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Flammability\"><\/span>\u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03bb\u03b5\u03be\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03cd\u03c6\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03af\u03b3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03cc \u03bf\u03be\u03c5\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf, \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ae \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1. \u03a4\u03bf \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03be\u03c5\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03af \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Reducibility\"><\/span>\u039c\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u0388\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2. \u039c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd, \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03b2\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03be\u03c5\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf. \u039c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03cc\u03c1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Reactions_with_other_substances\"><\/span>\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03c6\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1, \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5. \u039a\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Quadrivalence\"><\/span>Quadrivalence<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u03a4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03ad\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7. \u039c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 4 \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd, \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03cd\u03bb\u03b7 \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1. \u0391\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b6\u03c9\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03cd\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chaining\"><\/span>\u0391\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u03a4\u03b1 \u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd, \u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1\u03b4\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2. \u03a3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1, \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03ae \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03b4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd. \u0391\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd, \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Electronic_structure\"><\/span>\u0397\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u0397 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 1s22s22p2. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03ad\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b5\u03cd\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2. \u0391\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Electronegativity\"><\/span>\u0397\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u0388\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2,55 (\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 Pauling), \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7, \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1, \u03bf \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Connection_between_property_and_application\"><\/span>\u03a3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\"><strong>\u0395\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u039f\u03b9 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2, \u03b3\u03b5\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2. \u0397 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c6\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u038c\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae \u03b3\u03c5\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b2\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5. \u039f \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03cd\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf \u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u03a4\u03bf \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae \u03b5\u03c5\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03be\u03af\u03b1, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03cd\u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b8\u03cc\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ad\u03c2. \u0397 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd. \u039a\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae, \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\"><strong>\u0395\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u039f\u03b9 \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c2. \u0397 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03bb\u03b5\u03be\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b1\u03ad\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2. \u039a\u03b1\u03af\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ae \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2. \u0397 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1, \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. \u0397 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03b4\u03c9\u03c4\u03ae \u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carbon#:~:text=Carbon%20(from%20Latin%20carbo%20'coal,14%20of%20the%20periodic%20table.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1<\/a> \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd. \u039a\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03ac\u03ba\u03c9\u03bd, \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd, \u03ba\u03b1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c4\u03c3\u03bf\u03cd\u03ba \u03ba.\u03bb\u03c0. \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>\u03a3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u039f \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c6\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03ae\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5. \u039f\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03cd \u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1. \u03a3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd, \u03b7 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03cd\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In the world of elements, carbon is unique and dazzling. From organic molecules, the basis of life, to key materials for industry, it&#8217;s everywhere. Exploring the properties of carbon gives us insight into the intersection of nature and technology, the composition of matter and chemical reactions. &nbsp; Physical Properties of Carbon Overview of allotropes Carbon [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":7626,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[62],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7618","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-application"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v19.2.1 (Yoast SEO v25.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Properties of Carbon: A comprehensive overview | Jinsun Carbon<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/el\/\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2-\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5-\u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"el_GR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Properties of Carbon: A comprehensive overview\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In the world of elements, carbon is unique and dazzling. From organic molecules, the basis of life, to key materials for industry, it&#8217;s everywhere. Exploring the properties of carbon gives us insight into the intersection of nature and technology, the composition of matter and chemical reactions. &nbsp; Physical Properties of Carbon Overview of allotropes Carbon [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/el\/\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2-\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5-\u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Jinsun Carbon\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Graphite-Electrode-109336238661595\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-15T01:10:46+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-15T01:11:09+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Carbon-Properties.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"680\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"jinsuncarbon\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@jinsuncarbon_\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@jinsuncarbon_\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03c7\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"jinsuncarbon\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u0395\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ac\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/properties-of-carbon\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/properties-of-carbon\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"jinsuncarbon\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/#\/schema\/person\/6d19b66d2a95154652ba3b86492d27b5\"},\"headline\":\"Properties of Carbon: A comprehensive overview\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-02-15T01:10:46+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-15T01:11:09+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/properties-of-carbon\/\"},\"wordCount\":1273,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/properties-of-carbon\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Carbon-Properties.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Application\"],\"inLanguage\":\"el\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/properties-of-carbon\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/properties-of-carbon\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/properties-of-carbon\/\",\"name\":\"Properties of Carbon: A comprehensive overview | Jinsun Carbon\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/properties-of-carbon\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/properties-of-carbon\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Carbon-Properties.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-02-15T01:10:46+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-15T01:11:09+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/properties-of-carbon\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"el\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/properties-of-carbon\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"el\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/properties-of-carbon\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Carbon-Properties.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Carbon-Properties.jpg\",\"width\":1024,\"height\":680,\"caption\":\"Properties of Carbon\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/properties-of-carbon\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Properties of Carbon: A comprehensive overview\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/\",\"name\":\"Jinsun Carbon\",\"description\":\"We are the successful graphite electrode manufacturer in China\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"el\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Jinsun Carbon\",\"alternateName\":\"Jinsun Carbon\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"el\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/LOGO-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/LOGO-1.png\",\"width\":207,\"height\":80,\"caption\":\"Jinsun Carbon\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Graphite-Electrode-109336238661595\",\"https:\/\/x.com\/jinsuncarbon_\",\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/jinsungraphite\",\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCysDNyvyR5-3cCWEmpkVC0g\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/#\/schema\/person\/6d19b66d2a95154652ba3b86492d27b5\",\"name\":\"jinsuncarbon\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"el\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1c33c0ec56eb4a4e1f9101de9b3471a6?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1c33c0ec56eb4a4e1f9101de9b3471a6?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"jinsuncarbon\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Properties of Carbon: A comprehensive overview | Jinsun Carbon","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/el\/\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2-\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5-\u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\/","og_locale":"el_GR","og_type":"article","og_title":"Properties of Carbon: A comprehensive overview","og_description":"In the world of elements, carbon is unique and dazzling. From organic molecules, the basis of life, to key materials for industry, it&#8217;s everywhere. Exploring the properties of carbon gives us insight into the intersection of nature and technology, the composition of matter and chemical reactions. &nbsp; Physical Properties of Carbon Overview of allotropes Carbon [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/el\/\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2-\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5-\u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\/","og_site_name":"Jinsun Carbon","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Graphite-Electrode-109336238661595","article_published_time":"2025-02-15T01:10:46+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-02-15T01:11:09+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1024,"height":680,"url":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Carbon-Properties.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"jinsuncarbon","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@jinsuncarbon_","twitter_site":"@jinsuncarbon_","twitter_misc":{"\u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03c7\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc":"jinsuncarbon","\u0395\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2":"6 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ac"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/properties-of-carbon\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/properties-of-carbon\/"},"author":{"name":"jinsuncarbon","@id":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/#\/schema\/person\/6d19b66d2a95154652ba3b86492d27b5"},"headline":"Properties of Carbon: A comprehensive overview","datePublished":"2025-02-15T01:10:46+00:00","dateModified":"2025-02-15T01:11:09+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/properties-of-carbon\/"},"wordCount":1273,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/properties-of-carbon\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Carbon-Properties.jpg","articleSection":["Application"],"inLanguage":"el","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/properties-of-carbon\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/properties-of-carbon\/","url":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/properties-of-carbon\/","name":"Properties of Carbon: A comprehensive overview | Jinsun Carbon","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/properties-of-carbon\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/properties-of-carbon\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Carbon-Properties.jpg","datePublished":"2025-02-15T01:10:46+00:00","dateModified":"2025-02-15T01:11:09+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/properties-of-carbon\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"el","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/properties-of-carbon\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"el","@id":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/properties-of-carbon\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Carbon-Properties.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Carbon-Properties.jpg","width":1024,"height":680,"caption":"Properties of Carbon"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/properties-of-carbon\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Properties of Carbon: A comprehensive overview"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/","name":"Jinsun Carbon","description":"We are the successful graphite electrode manufacturer in China","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"el"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/#organization","name":"Jinsun Carbon","alternateName":"Jinsun Carbon","url":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"el","@id":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/LOGO-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/LOGO-1.png","width":207,"height":80,"caption":"Jinsun Carbon"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Graphite-Electrode-109336238661595","https:\/\/x.com\/jinsuncarbon_","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/jinsungraphite","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCysDNyvyR5-3cCWEmpkVC0g"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/#\/schema\/person\/6d19b66d2a95154652ba3b86492d27b5","name":"jinsuncarbon","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"el","@id":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1c33c0ec56eb4a4e1f9101de9b3471a6?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1c33c0ec56eb4a4e1f9101de9b3471a6?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"jinsuncarbon"}}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7618","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7618"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7618\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7629,"href":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7618\/revisions\/7629"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7626"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7618"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7618"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7618"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}