{"id":3006,"date":"2024-10-15T09:31:31","date_gmt":"2024-10-15T09:31:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/?p=3006"},"modified":"2026-02-28T08:02:19","modified_gmt":"2026-02-28T08:02:19","slug":"%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b5%d9%86%d9%88%d8%b9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ar\/%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b5%d9%86%d9%88%d8%b9\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u061f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0622\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a. \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648\u061f \u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u0644\u0632 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u061f \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u061f \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647. \u0648\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a.<\/p><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_81 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ar\/%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b5%d9%86%d9%88%d8%b9\/#Definition_of_graphite\" >\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ar\/%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b5%d9%86%d9%88%d8%b9\/#Is_Graphite_a_metal_or_a_mineral\" >\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0641\u0644\u0632 \u0623\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u061f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ar\/%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b5%d9%86%d9%88%d8%b9\/#Is_Graphite_an_element\" >\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a\u061f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ar\/%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b5%d9%86%d9%88%d8%b9\/#Is_Graphite_carbon\" >\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u061f<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ar\/%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b5%d9%86%d9%88%d8%b9\/#Where_Does_Graphite_Come_From\" >\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a\u061f<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ar\/%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b5%d9%86%d9%88%d8%b9\/#Natural_sources\" >\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ar\/%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b5%d9%86%d9%88%d8%b9\/#Artificial_graphite\" >\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ar\/%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b5%d9%86%d9%88%d8%b9\/#Graphite_types\" >\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ar\/%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b5%d9%86%d9%88%d8%b9\/#_Natural_graphite\" >\u00a0\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ar\/%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b5%d9%86%d9%88%d8%b9\/#Synthetic_graphite\" >\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ar\/%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b5%d9%86%d9%88%d8%b9\/#What_is_Graphite_Made_of\" >\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a\u061f<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ar\/%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b5%d9%86%d9%88%d8%b9\/#Graphite_Element\" >\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ar\/%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b5%d9%86%d9%88%d8%b9\/#The_chemical_formula_of_graphite\" >\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ar\/%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b5%d9%86%d9%88%d8%b9\/#Graphite_Structure\" >\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ar\/%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b5%d9%86%d9%88%d8%b9\/#Carbon_Arrangement_of_carbon_atom_in_Graphite\" >\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ar\/%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b5%d9%86%d9%88%d8%b9\/#Bonding\" >\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ar\/%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b5%d9%86%d9%88%d8%b9\/#Properties_of_Graphite\" >\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ar\/%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b5%d9%86%d9%88%d8%b9\/#Physical_Properties\" >\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ar\/%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b5%d9%86%d9%88%d8%b9\/#Color\" >\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ar\/%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b5%d9%86%d9%88%d8%b9\/#Density\" >\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ar\/%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b5%d9%86%d9%88%d8%b9\/#Melting_point\" >\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ar\/%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b5%d9%86%d9%88%d8%b9\/#Electrical_conductivity\" >\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ar\/%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b5%d9%86%d9%88%d8%b9\/#Lubrication\" >\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ar\/%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b5%d9%86%d9%88%d8%b9\/#Chemical_Properties\" >\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ar\/%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b5%d9%86%d9%88%d8%b9\/#Graphite_corrosion_resistance\" >\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ar\/%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b5%d9%86%d9%88%d8%b9\/#Reactivity_with_other_materials\" >\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ar\/%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b5%d9%86%d9%88%d8%b9\/#Thermal_expansion_coefficient\" >\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ar\/%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b5%d9%86%d9%88%d8%b9\/#Oxidation\" >\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ar\/%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b5%d9%86%d9%88%d8%b9\/#Mechanical_Properties\" >\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ar\/%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b5%d9%86%d9%88%d8%b9\/#Hardness_and_strength\" >\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ar\/%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b5%d9%86%d9%88%d8%b9\/#Anisotropy\" >\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ar\/%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b5%d9%86%d9%88%d8%b9\/#Thermal_and_Electrical_Properties\" >\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ar\/%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b5%d9%86%d9%88%d8%b9\/#Other_Properties\" >\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-34\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ar\/%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b5%d9%86%d9%88%d8%b9\/#6_Uses_of_Graphite\" >6 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-35\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ar\/%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b5%d9%86%d9%88%d8%b9\/#In_Pencils\" >\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-36\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ar\/%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b5%d9%86%d9%88%d8%b9\/#As_a_Lubricant\" >\u0643\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-37\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ar\/%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b5%d9%86%d9%88%d8%b9\/#Steel_making\" >\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-38\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ar\/%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b5%d9%86%d9%88%d8%b9\/#Battery\" >\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-39\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ar\/%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b5%d9%86%d9%88%d8%b9\/#Refractory_materials\" >\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-40\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ar\/%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b5%d9%86%d9%88%d8%b9\/#Nuclear_reactors\" >\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-41\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ar\/%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b5%d9%86%d9%88%d8%b9\/#Conclusion\" >\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Definition_of_graphite\"><\/span>\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0647\u0648 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0631\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a. \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0622\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/e5f5f660779517d12f0836a1d9af658.jpg\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a - \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a\u061f\" width=\"618\" height=\"410\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Is_Graphite_a_metal_or_a_mineral\"><\/span>\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0641\u0644\u0632 \u0623\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u061f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646. \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Is_Graphite_an_element\"><\/span>\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a\u061f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a). \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0647\u0648 \u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0647\u0648 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0630\u0648 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Is_Graphite_carbon\"><\/span>\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u061f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0622\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646. \u0648\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629. \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0622\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0633 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 (\u0630\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Where_Does_Graphite_Come_From\"><\/span>\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a\u061f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Natural_sources\"><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u060c \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0645) \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a. \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Artificial_graphite\"><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a. \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u062d\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0641\u062d\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0641\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643). \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Amorphous_carbon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0633\u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062f\u0639\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Graphite_types\"><\/span>\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a.<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_Natural_graphite\"><\/span>\u00a0\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0628\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d. \u0648\u0642\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 0.1-0.2 \u0645\u0645. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062f \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 60%-80%. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0628\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0635\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Synthetic_graphite\"><\/span>\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 99.9%. \u0625\u0646 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0644\u0647 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u064a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0639\u0632\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628. \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0642\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_Graphite_Made_of\"><\/span>\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a\u061f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Graphite_Element\"><\/span>\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0635 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a. \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629. \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0639 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_chemical_formula_of_graphite\"><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632 C\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u064a\u063a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629. \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Graphite_Structure\"><\/span>\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Carbon_Arrangement_of_carbon_atom_in_Graphite\"><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a. \u0648\u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u064a. \u0641\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0631. \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u062a\u0632\u064a\u064a\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bonding\"><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a. \u0648\u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0632\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-6808 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Graphite-Structure.jpg\" alt=\"\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a\" width=\"599\" height=\"398\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Graphite-Structure.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Graphite-Structure-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Graphite-Structure-768x510.jpg 768w, https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Graphite-Structure-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Graphite-Structure-600x398.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 599px) 100vw, 599px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Properties_of_Graphite\"><\/span>\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Physical_Properties\"><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<h4 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Color\"><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a-\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631. \u0648\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621. \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0635 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0636\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0631\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a-\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a. \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0636 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Density\"><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u0648\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 2.09 \u06482.23 \u062c\u0645\/\u0633\u06453 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627. \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0626\u0630 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Melting_point\"><\/span>\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 3652 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 -3697 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Electrical_conductivity\"><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u062c\u064a\u062f \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lubrication\"><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062d\u0651\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a. \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u064a\u062a \u062c\u064a\u062f. \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u064a\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u064a\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a)\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0632\u064a\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chemical_Properties\"><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<h4 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Graphite_corrosion_resistance\"><\/span>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Reactivity_with_other_materials\"><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u060c \u0625\u0644\u062e).<\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u064a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0627. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a.<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thermal_expansion_coefficient\"><\/span>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Oxidation\"><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u0648\u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0633\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647. \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a. \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mechanical_Properties\"><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<h4 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hardness_and_strength\"><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0633 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 1-2. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629<\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0627. \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u062b\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a. \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Anisotropy\"><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646. \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a. \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thermal_and_Electrical_Properties\"><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Other_Properties\"><\/span>\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0635 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u062e) \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u062e.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_Uses_of_Graphite\"><\/span>6 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_Pencils\"><\/span>\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635. \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062e\u0644\u0637\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645. \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"As_a_Lubricant\"><\/span>\u0643\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0643\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a. \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Steel_making\"><\/span>\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 <a href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%86%d8%aa%d8%ac\/%d9%82%d8%b7%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa-uhp-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa\/\">\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/a>\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0635\u0647\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0646\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629. \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u060c \u0628\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u062b. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646. \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Battery\"><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0630\u0648 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0643\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.delongtop.com\/24v-lithium-battery\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/a>. \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Refractory_materials\"><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a <a href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%86%d8%aa%d8%ac\/%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%aa%d9%82%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/a> \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a. \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u0637 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nuclear_reactors\"><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0643\u0645\u0647\u062f\u0626 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644. \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"ql-align-justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0622\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639. \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629. \u0648\u0633\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Graphite, as an allotrope of carbon, frequently appears in daily life and industrial production. What is it? Is it a metal, mineral or element? What is it made of? This article will deeply explore the nature of graphite, uncover its layers of secrets. And fully show the unique charm and important value of graphite in [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3008,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[44],"class_list":["post-3006","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-carbon-graphite","tag-graphtie"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v19.2.1 (Yoast SEO v25.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>What is graphite and what is graphite made of? - Jinsun Carbon<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Graphite is a soft, black mineral of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal structure. It is an allotrope of carbon.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ar\/\u0645\u0627-\u0647\u0648-\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a-\u0648\u0645\u0627-\u0647\u0648-\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ar_AR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What is graphite and what is graphite made of?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Graphite is a soft, black mineral of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal structure. It is an allotrope of carbon.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ar\/\u0645\u0627-\u0647\u0648-\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a-\u0648\u0645\u0627-\u0647\u0648-\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Jinsun Carbon\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Graphite-Electrode-109336238661595\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-10-15T09:31:31+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-02-28T08:02:19+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/e5f5f660779517d12f0836a1d9af658.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"680\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"jinsuncarbon\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@jinsuncarbon_\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@jinsuncarbon_\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u0643\u064f\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"jinsuncarbon\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"16 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/what-is-graphite-and-what-is-graphite-made-of\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/what-is-graphite-and-what-is-graphite-made-of\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"jinsuncarbon\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/#\/schema\/person\/6d19b66d2a95154652ba3b86492d27b5\"},\"headline\":\"What is graphite and what is graphite made of?\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-10-15T09:31:31+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-02-28T08:02:19+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/what-is-graphite-and-what-is-graphite-made-of\/\"},\"wordCount\":3508,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/what-is-graphite-and-what-is-graphite-made-of\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/e5f5f660779517d12f0836a1d9af658.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"graphtie\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Carbon Graphite Products\"],\"inLanguage\":\"ar\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/what-is-graphite-and-what-is-graphite-made-of\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/what-is-graphite-and-what-is-graphite-made-of\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/what-is-graphite-and-what-is-graphite-made-of\/\",\"name\":\"What is graphite and what is graphite made of? - Jinsun Carbon\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/what-is-graphite-and-what-is-graphite-made-of\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/what-is-graphite-and-what-is-graphite-made-of\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/e5f5f660779517d12f0836a1d9af658.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-10-15T09:31:31+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-02-28T08:02:19+00:00\",\"description\":\"Graphite is a soft, black mineral of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal structure. It is an allotrope of carbon.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/what-is-graphite-and-what-is-graphite-made-of\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ar\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/what-is-graphite-and-what-is-graphite-made-of\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ar\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/what-is-graphite-and-what-is-graphite-made-of\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/e5f5f660779517d12f0836a1d9af658.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/e5f5f660779517d12f0836a1d9af658.jpg\",\"width\":1024,\"height\":680,\"caption\":\"Graphite-what is a graphite?-Jinsun Carbon\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/what-is-graphite-and-what-is-graphite-made-of\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"What is graphite and what is graphite made of?\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/\",\"name\":\"Jinsun Carbon\",\"description\":\"We are the successful graphite electrode manufacturer in China\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"ar\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Jinsun Carbon\",\"alternateName\":\"Jinsun Carbon\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ar\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/LOGO-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/LOGO-1.png\",\"width\":207,\"height\":80,\"caption\":\"Jinsun Carbon\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Graphite-Electrode-109336238661595\",\"https:\/\/x.com\/jinsuncarbon_\",\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/jinsungraphite\",\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCysDNyvyR5-3cCWEmpkVC0g\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/#\/schema\/person\/6d19b66d2a95154652ba3b86492d27b5\",\"name\":\"jinsuncarbon\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ar\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/7abf5819913301446abda76750263066aa3a1d311fa4df65b39e847239480105?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/7abf5819913301446abda76750263066aa3a1d311fa4df65b39e847239480105?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"jinsuncarbon\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u061f - \u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646","description":"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0622\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ar\/\u0645\u0627-\u0647\u0648-\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a-\u0648\u0645\u0627-\u0647\u0648-\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\/","og_locale":"ar_AR","og_type":"article","og_title":"What is graphite and what is graphite made of?","og_description":"Graphite is a soft, black mineral of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal structure. It is an allotrope of carbon.","og_url":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ar\/\u0645\u0627-\u0647\u0648-\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a-\u0648\u0645\u0627-\u0647\u0648-\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\/","og_site_name":"Jinsun Carbon","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Graphite-Electrode-109336238661595","article_published_time":"2024-10-15T09:31:31+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-02-28T08:02:19+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1024,"height":680,"url":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/e5f5f660779517d12f0836a1d9af658.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"jinsuncarbon","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@jinsuncarbon_","twitter_site":"@jinsuncarbon_","twitter_misc":{"\u0643\u064f\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629":"jinsuncarbon","\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631":"16 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/what-is-graphite-and-what-is-graphite-made-of\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/what-is-graphite-and-what-is-graphite-made-of\/"},"author":{"name":"jinsuncarbon","@id":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/#\/schema\/person\/6d19b66d2a95154652ba3b86492d27b5"},"headline":"What is graphite and what is graphite made of?","datePublished":"2024-10-15T09:31:31+00:00","dateModified":"2026-02-28T08:02:19+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/what-is-graphite-and-what-is-graphite-made-of\/"},"wordCount":3508,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/what-is-graphite-and-what-is-graphite-made-of\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/e5f5f660779517d12f0836a1d9af658.jpg","keywords":["graphtie"],"articleSection":["Carbon Graphite Products"],"inLanguage":"ar","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/what-is-graphite-and-what-is-graphite-made-of\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/what-is-graphite-and-what-is-graphite-made-of\/","url":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/what-is-graphite-and-what-is-graphite-made-of\/","name":"\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u061f - \u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/what-is-graphite-and-what-is-graphite-made-of\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/what-is-graphite-and-what-is-graphite-made-of\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/e5f5f660779517d12f0836a1d9af658.jpg","datePublished":"2024-10-15T09:31:31+00:00","dateModified":"2026-02-28T08:02:19+00:00","description":"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0622\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/what-is-graphite-and-what-is-graphite-made-of\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"ar","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/what-is-graphite-and-what-is-graphite-made-of\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ar","@id":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/what-is-graphite-and-what-is-graphite-made-of\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/e5f5f660779517d12f0836a1d9af658.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/e5f5f660779517d12f0836a1d9af658.jpg","width":1024,"height":680,"caption":"Graphite-what is a graphite?-Jinsun Carbon"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/what-is-graphite-and-what-is-graphite-made-of\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"What is graphite and what is graphite made of?"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/","name":"\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646","description":"\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"ar"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/#organization","name":"\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646","alternateName":"Jinsun Carbon","url":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ar","@id":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/LOGO-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/LOGO-1.png","width":207,"height":80,"caption":"Jinsun Carbon"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Graphite-Electrode-109336238661595","https:\/\/x.com\/jinsuncarbon_","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/jinsungraphite","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCysDNyvyR5-3cCWEmpkVC0g"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/#\/schema\/person\/6d19b66d2a95154652ba3b86492d27b5","name":"\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ar","@id":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/7abf5819913301446abda76750263066aa3a1d311fa4df65b39e847239480105?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/7abf5819913301446abda76750263066aa3a1d311fa4df65b39e847239480105?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"jinsuncarbon"}}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3006","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3006"}],"version-history":[{"count":31,"href":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3006\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6919,"href":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3006\/revisions\/6919"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3008"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3006"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3006"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jinsuncarbon.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3006"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}